Artist/Group: The Chainsmokers featuring Halsey
Song: Closer
Songwriters: Andrew Taggart, Freddy Kennett, Halsey, Isaac Slade, Joe King, Shaun Frank
Producer: The Chainsmokers
Record Label: Columbia
Primary Genre: Dance/Club/Electronic
Influences: Alt/Indie, Dance/Club, Electropop, R&B/Soul
Length: 4:00
Full Form: I-A-PC-B-IB-A-PC-B-IB-B-VB-IB-O
Key: Ab Major
Tempo: 95 BPM
First Chorus:  50 seconds / 21% into the song
Intro Length: 10 seconds
Electronic vs. Acoustic: Electronic/Acoustic Combo
Prominent Instrumentation: Bass (Synth), Claps/Snaps, Drums/Perc, Guitar (Electric), Piano (Acoustic), Synth
Primary Lyrical Theme(s): Love/Relationships, Hooking Up
Title Appearances: Closer appears 3 times in the song
Lyrical P.O.V: 1st and 2nd 

Section Abbreviation Key

I=Intro
A=Verse
PC=Pre-Chorus
B=Chorus
C=Bridge
IB=Instrumental Break
VB=Vocal Break
T=Turnaround
O=Outro

Closer’s main hook, which was lifted from a hook featured in The Fray’s 2005 hit, Over My Head (Cable Car), is featured in various manifestations in EVERY SECTION OF THE SONG. Note that it is extremely rare to have essentially the same hook repeat in every section.

It’s delivered vocally by Taggart and/or Halsey in the choruses, and instrumentally by an array of synths and guitar in varying levels of prominence in every section save for the third chorus. As a result, the hook melody gets firmly ingrained in the listener’s head without wearing out its welcome due to its constantly changing qualities.

The hook is featured most prominently in lead form in the chorus (vocally) and instrumental break (instrumentally). It plays more of a supportive/underlying role in the other sections of the song.

What follows is a chart detailing the specific instrument and/or vocal delivering the hook, in full or in part, in each section of the song. Reference the Vocal Melody and Music/Instrumentation sections of the report for further details.

Key

-/-: First half of a section / second half of a section
x: Slight to moderate prominence in a section
X: Major prominence in a section

Closer’s primary lyrical hook does not include the title, which is typically the case with many mainstream hits. Instead, the following phrase functions as the song’s primary lyrical hook:

“We ain’t ever gettin’ older”

It appears as the very last phrase in each chorus section, it’s the only phrase that’s repeated in the instrumental break sections, and it’s the only phrase that’s repeated in the vocal break section:

Instrumental Break

Vocal Break

While every section within Closer can technically be considered a hook center due to the fact that the main hook appears in each, there are three sections that trump the others:

• Chorus: Features the main vocal hook and underlying instrumental hook (except for chorus 3)
• Instrumental Break (Post Chorus): Features the main instrumental hook and vocal hook.
• Vocal Break (Post Chorus): Features the repetition of the “we ain’t ever gettin’ older” vocal hook coupled with the underlying instrumental hook.

Form: (I / A – PC – B – IB / A – PC – B – IB / B – VB – IB – O) Closer kicks off with the intro, and is directly followed by a 2x repeat of a verse – pre-chorus – chorus – instrumental break sectional progression. Following the second instrumental break, a differentiated sectional progression consisting of chorus – vocal break – instrumental break – outro ensues, followed by the song coming to its conclusion.

Note that the instrumental break and vocal break sections function as post choruses due to the infectious instrumental and vocal hooks they house following the chorus. Additionally, the third chorus and vocal break function as bridge surrogate sections due to the departure they provide where one would typically expect to find the bridge (i.e. around two-thirds of the way into the song).

Section Length: Each full section within Closer except for two are 20 seconds / 8 bars in length. The exceptions are the intro and outro, both of which land at 10 seconds / 4 bars.

Sectional Time Allocation: The majority of time within Closer is allocated to its two primary “hook centers” – the chorus and instrumental break post choruses. Both account for 25% of the song’s total composition. The verse and pre-chorus follow at 17%, each. The vocal break post chorus accounts for 8%, and the intro and outro account for the least at just 4%, each.

First Chorus Appearance: Closer’s first chorus occurs at 50 seconds / 21% of the way into the song. The listener’s attention is effectively held up until this point by the intro, verse and pre-chorus sections that precede it.

Sectional Segmentation: With the exception of the chorus and vocal break, each full 20 second / 8 bar section is broken into two shorter 10 second / 4 bar segments, each of which possesses a differentiated characteristic compared to one another (some subtle and some more pronounced). As a result, new elements enter the mix frequently throughout the song, which accentuates the overall engagement factor (i.e. the listener never gets bored with cookie-cutter repetition).

Closer progresses through three MTI/Energy level “waves.” Each wave begins with a relatively low energy level and progresses to an energy level peak. Each wave concludes with an energy level peak except for the last (wave 3), which brings the energy level back down in the outro.

• Wave 1: Intro – Instrumental Break 1
• Wave 2: Verse 2 – Instrumental Break 2
• Wave 3: Chorus 3 – Outro

In contrast to many Pop songs that have the chorus providing an energy level peak and tension release following a build, Closer’s energy level takes a dive in the chorus due to its breakdown/sparse accompaniment characteristic, with the tension still accruing. The energy level peak and tension release is delayed, and transpires in the instrumental break section that directly follows the chorus. The tension build chorus is a characteristic more often found in EDM-influenced hits such as I Took A Pill In Ibiza (Seeb Remix) and The Chainsmokers’ previous hit, Don’t Let Me Down.

Notice that the two sections that possess the highest MTI/Energy levels in the song – the back-to-back vocal break and instrumental break 3 – are bookended by sections that possess the lowest/close to the lowest MTI/Energy levels – chorus 3 and the outro. The combination of extremes functions to both accentuate the power of the vocal break and instrumental break, while at the same time accentuating engagement value via the stringent dynamic contrast imparted.

Closer is composed of four main influences – Alt/Indie, Dance/Club, Electropop and R&B/Soul. These influences are present in the characteristics of the vocals, backing music, or both, in specific sections and in varying degrees of prominence throughout the song.

Additionally, the song’s most recognizable element – its main hook, which is featured in some semblance in every section – is a direct lift of a hook featured in The Fray’s 2005 hit, Over My Head (Cable Car).

Closer is a love/relationship and hooking up-themed song about two exes who were involved in a relationship, broke up, and ran into one another after a four-year hiatus. Despite the issues that led to their breakup, the attraction between the two of them is still mutual, and culminates with them hooking up in the chorus.

The narrative is communicated in the past and present tense primarily from a first and second person P.O.V. It employs an effective blend of detail, imagery, place, time, action and emotion/state of mind lyrics and phrases, which heightens the overall impact of the storyline. Additionally, sectional P.O.V. shifts communicated by the protagonist (sung by Taggart) and antagonist (sung by Halsey) provide an additional degree of engagement value within the song. While specific details are utilized to communicate the narrative (e.g. Boulder, CO), the overall essence of the storyline is universal, and thus easily connects with a wide audience.

Closer appears only three times in the entire song. It’s featured as the last lyric in the first line/phrase of each chorus section: “so baby pull me closer.”

Closer features a host of different vocal characteristics throughout the song. Among them are solo male (Taggart), solo female (Halsey), harmonized lead, multi-tracking, and an assortment of effects including pitch-processing, reverb and delay. The manner in which these disparate characteristics interact throughout the song takes Closer’s overall impact to a heightened level.

Key
S: Sung
-/-: First Stanza/Second Stanza

The vocal melody in Closer spans Eb2 to Eb5.

With the exception of the verse and pre-chorus sections, which span six to eight pitches, all of the other sections span just three pitches – Ab, Bb and C (note that Halsey’s parts are an octave above Taggart). This, in conjunction with the copious amount of repetition, gets the vocal melody firmly ingrained in the listener’s head. However, effective melodic and vocal characteristic contrast is employed throughout the song, which helps to keep the melodies fresh and engaging despite their repetitive characteristics.

What follows is a breakdown of the melodic structure for each section in the song. Each part letter in its respective section represents a particular motive. These motives possess either the same, or a very similar melodic structure.

Key

(/): Divides each line in the section
Note: The part letters in each section pertain only to the section at hand (e.g. part A in the verse is not related to part A in the pre-chorus)).

• Verse 1: A/A/A/B
• Verse 2: A/A/A/A
• Pre-Chorus 1: A/A/A/A/B/B
• Pre-Chorus 2: A/A/A/A/B/B
• Chorus: A/A/A/A/A/A/A/A
• Instrumental Break: A/A
• Vocal Break: A/A/A/A/A/A/A/A

Closer features a highly effective combination of in-line, cross-line, and cross-stanza rhyme schemes, as well as repetitive lyrics – especially in the instrumental break and vocal break post choruses (i.e. “we ain’t ever gettin’ older”). Together, they do a great job of bolstering the song’s memorability factor and engagement value.

• Verse 1: XXAA
• Verse 2: XAXA
• Pre-Chorus: ABABCC
• Chorus: AAXAAXAA
• Instrumental Break: AA
• Vocal Break: AAAAAAAA

Closer features five primary instrument types in the mix that shape its sound and vibe –bass, drums/percussion, guitar, piano and synths.

Bass: A deep synth sub bass with a moderate attack (relative to the kick).

Drums/Percussion: An assortment of drums and percussion elements are featured throughout the song. They include:

• Crash Cymbal (Electronic)
• Claps (Acoustic)
• Hi Hat (Electronic)
• Kick (Electronic)
• Shaker (Acoustic)
• Snaps (Acoustic)
• Snare (Electronic)
• Wind Chimes (Acoustic)

Guitar: Electric Guitar appears in two forms throughout Closer – as a melodic element delivering the main hook, and as a supplemental element playing a repeated four-note atmospheric melody.

Piano: Warm, acoustic piano.

Synths: A plethora of synths are used throughout Closer. They include staccato synth chords, various leads (abrasive, wobbly, low-pass filtered, bright and more), synth string pads, synth voice, risers and swells.

Closer employs two closely related chord progressions:

Progression 1: Verse, Pre-Chorus, Instrumental Break

Progression 2: Intro, Outro, Chorus, Vocal Break

Both chord progressions employ tones beyond triadic harmony, the Db(add9), a Db Major Triad (Db-F-Ab) with a major ninth on top (Eb). The primary chord progression also employs minor seventh chords, the AbMaj/Eb. The effect of these extended harmonies imparts a subtle Jazz/R&B/Soul vibe, and provides more engaging harmony than simple triads.

Reference the Harmonic Progressions section of the report for additional details.

Closer contains 13 sections in its framework:

• One intro
• Two verse sections
• Two pre-chorus sections
• Three chorus sections
• Three instrumental break sections
• One vocal break section
• One outro

What it DOESN’T contain is a bridge or  turnaround.

The aforementioned sections are arranged into the following form:

I / A – PC – B – IB / A – PC – B – IB / B – VB – IB – O

Closer kicks off with the intro, and is directly followed by a 2x repeat of a verse – pre-chorus – chorus – instrumental break sectional progression. Following the second instrumental break, a differentiated sectional progression consisting of chorus – vocal break – instrumental break – outro ensues, followed by the song coming to its conclusion.

The 2x repetition of the A – PC – B – IB progression creates sectional flow familiarity within the scope of the song, while the B – VB – IB – O changeup accentuates engagement due to the shift it provides.

I / A – PC – B – IB / A – PC – B – IB / B – VB – IB – O

Instrumental Break Post Chorus

The instrumental break sections that directly follow choruses 1 and 2 function as post choruses due to the infectious instrumental hooks that they feature at their core. The third instrumental break section can technically be classified as a post chorus as well considering that it directly follows the vocal break post chorus (see below).

Vocal Break Post Chorus

The vocal break that directly follows the third chorus functions as a post chorus due to the infectious vocal hook that it features at its core (i.e. the repetition of the “we ain’t ever getting older” phrase from the chorus).

I / A – PC – B – IB / A – PC – B – IB / B – VB – IB – O

Considering that Closer doesn’t contain a bridge in its framework, there are two sections within the song that provide a pronounced departure compared to the other sections where one would typically expect to find a bridge (around two-thirds of the way in). These two “D” (departure) sections are:

Chorus 3: It possesses a changeup in the accompaniment and a more subdued characteristic compared to the other chorus sections.

Vocal Break: Directly following chorus 3, this is the only point in the song that features the constant repetition of the “we ain’t ever getting older” hook. It also features unique accompaniment in the scope of the song.

 

Each full section within Closer except for two are 20 seconds / 8 bars in length. The exceptions are the intro and outro, both of which land at 10 seconds / 4 bars.

With the exception of the chorus and vocal break, each full 20 second / 8 bar section is broken into two shorter 10 second / 4 bar segments, each of which possesses a differentiated characteristic compared to one another (some subtle and some more pronounced). As a result, new elements enter the mix frequently throughout the song, which accentuates the overall engagement factor (i.e. the listener never gets bored with cookie-cutter repetition).

The majority of time within Closer is allocated to its two primary “hook centers” – the chorus and instrumental break post choruses. Both account for 25% of the song’s total composition. The verse and pre-chorus follow at 17%, each. The vocal break post chorus accounts for 8%, and the intro and outro account for the least at just 4%, each.

This section of the report focuses on the MTI/Energy (momentum, tension, intensity) and sonic levels in each section of the song.

Closer progresses through three MTI/Energy level “waves.” Each wave begins with a relatively low energy level and progresses to an energy level peak. Each wave concludes with an energy level peak except for the last (wave 3), which brings the energy level back down in the outro.

• Wave 1: Intro – Instrumental Break 1
• Wave 2: Verse 2 – Instrumental Break 2
• Wave 3: Chorus 3 – Outro

In contrast to many Pop songs that have the chorus providing an energy level peak and tension release following a build, Closer’s energy level takes a dive in the chorus due to its breakdown/sparse accompaniment characteristic, with the tension still accruing. The energy level peak and tension release is delayed, and transpires in the instrumental break section that directly follows the chorus. The tension build chorus is a characteristic more often found in EDM-influenced hits, such as I Took A Pill In Ibiza (Seeb Remix), and The Chainsmokers’ previous hit, Don’t Let Me Down.

Notice that the two sections that possess the highest MTI/Energy levels in the song – the back-to-back vocal break and instrumental break 3 – are bookended by sections that possess the lowest/close to the lowest MTI/Energy levels – chorus 3 and the outro. The combination of extremes functions to both accentuate the power of the vocal break and instrumental break, while at the same time accentuating engagement value via the stringent dynamic contrast imparted.

Closer begins with a relatively low MTI/Energy level in the intro due to its sparse arrangement, consisting of acoustic piano, synths and effects. The subtly of the section is accentuated by the low-pass filtering that is prominent on the piano and synth at the onset, and gradually opens as the section progresses.

The momentum and intensity levels increase in the first half/part X of the first verse due to the addition of the synth block chords, snaps, synth bass, kick, and Taggart’s vocals. The momentum and intensity is further kicked up a notch in the second half of the section, part Y, due to the addition of the syncopated claps and wobbly synth (main hook and effects).

The momentum and intensity levels are further kicked up in the first half/part X of the pre-chorus due to the addition of new rhythmic elements including electronic snare, hi hats, and crash cymbal. The changeup in Taggart’s lead vocal is a factor as well – in particular his faster delivery and higher register. Note that these factors coupled with the development in the narrative also provide an increase in tension/anticipation as the song heads toward the chorus and instrumental break.

In the second half/part Y of the section the level is further increased due to the reintroduction of the wobbly synth and syncopated claps from the second half/part Y of the preceding verse.

Following two consecutive sections where the MTI/Energy level has increased, the level drops off in the first chorus. This is due to the section heading into partial breakdown/sparse mode, characterized by the warm acoustic piano, wind chimes, and synth string pad. However, the low-level electric guitar and lead vocal keep the momentum moving along as they both deliver the song’s primary hook. Note that the mostly flowing, repetitive nature of the vocals and guitar also provides an increase in tension and anticipation as the song heads toward the ensuing instrumental break.

The intensity level is ramped up a notch in the last two bars of the section as the bright lead synth and 808 drum fill enter the mix.

Following the MTI/Energy level lull in the preceding chorus, the level is thrust up to its first apex in the instrumental break. This is primarily due to the incorporation of many of the elements that were featured in the pre-chorus, coupled with the addition of the upfront, piercing, abrasive lead synth and prominent shaker.

The MTI/Energy level is brought back down in the second verse as the song reverts back to the minimal, sparse and spacious accompaniment characteristics of the first verse. Note that the overall energy level is on par with the first verse, despite the changeup in vocal duty (i.e. Halsey as opposed to Taggart).

The MTI/Energy level is kicked up in the second pre-chorus due to the inclusion of the core accompaniment elements from the first pre-chorus coupled with Halsey’s lead vocal as opposed to Taggart’s. While the vocal melody remains very similar to the first pre-chorus, the higher register of her voice coupled with the passionate delivery provides the second pre-chorus with a slightly more intense vibe compared to the first.

The MTI/Energy level is brought back down in the second chorus, just as it was in the first chorus. However, the addition of Halsey’s lead in addition to Taggart coupled with the more rich and complex timbre of the synth pad provides the section with a subtly higher level of intensity compared to the first chorus.

The MTI/Energy level is thrust up to a peak once again in the second instrumental break. Note that the level is essentially on par with that of the first instrumental break section in the song.

Following the peak in the preceding instrumental break, the MTI/Energy level is brought way back down once again in the third chorus. Note that this is the lowest level of all three choruses due to it possessing the sparsest overall arrangement – instrumentally and vocally.

Following the MTI/Energy level lull in the third chorus, the level begins to build to a grand peak in the vocal break section. This is due in part to the repetition of the “(no) we ain’t ever gettin’ older” vocals coupled with the pounding, driving, intense accompaniment. Note that the tension and anticipation builds and reaches a climax at the end of the section, releasing into the instrumental break that follows.

The MTI/Energy level peak that was reached in the preceding vocal break remains relatively constant in the last instrumental break section. The level is higher than its instrumental break 1 and 2 counterparts due to a combination of the additional synth in the mix (i.e. the synth pad), and Halsey’s more impassioned vocal delivery.

The outro, which is essentially a reversion back to the characteristics of the intro, brings the MTI/energy level of the song back down to its lowest point (a level shared with the intro). As a result, the listener is put gently back down on the ground at the conclusion of the song following the two back-to-back sections of sustained intensity.

Many of today’s hits feature a fusion of different genres, sub-genres and influences that helps to achieve the following:

• Provide the song with a unique nature that enables it to stand out from its mainstream contemporaries via interesting and at times unconventional pairings.
• Increase the fan base and sales potential of the artist and song by traversing multiple genres.

Closer is composed of four main influences, which are heard in varying levels of prominence throughout the song:

• Alt/Indie
• Dance/Club
• Electropop
• R&B/Soul

Key

Small x: Minimal influence
Medium X: Pronounced influence
Big X: Major influence

The song’s Alt/Indie influence is due to its non-typical mainstream Pop and EDM characteristics, in particular the characteristics of Taggart’s detached vocals. Additionally, Taggart’s quoted inspiration for the song stems from Alt/Indie bands including Blink-182, The Fray, and Taking Back Sunday.

The majority of the song possesses a mid-tempo Dance groove. The main exceptions are the intro, chorus and outro sections, which don’t feature percussion in the mix. The Club element is most pronounced in the instrumental break sections due characteristics of the lead synth, as well as the intensity build that transpires in the vocal break section.

Each section of the song possesses an Electropop influence due to the synths featured in the mix. The influence is most pronounced in the instrumental break sections due to the prominence of the lead synth.

The song possesses an underlying R&B/Soul vibe due to the employment of extended harmony (sevenths and ninths) primarily in the synth chord sections (verse, pre-chorus and instrumental break).

In an interview with Genius, Taggart cites Blink-182 and Taking Back Sunday as key inspirations for the song – in particular I Miss You and Feeling This by Blink-182.

However, the song’s most recognizable element – its main hook, which is featured in some semblance in every section – is a direct lift of a hook featured in The Fray’s 2005 hit, Over My Head (Cable Car). Isaac Slade and Joe King of the Fray have since been given writing credit on Closer.

Closer features five primary instrument types in the mix that shape its sound and vibe –bass, drums/percussion, guitar, piano and synths.

Electric Guitar appears in two forms throughout Closer – as a melodic element delivering the main hook, and as a supplemental element playing a repeated four-note atmospheric melody.

The main guitar part is relatively dry and appears in the following sections delivering and/or reinforcing the main hook:

• Pre-Chorus 1 & 2
• Chorus 1 & 2

The atmospheric guitar part is heavily effected with reverb and delay and is featured in pre-chorus 2.

A deep synth sub bass with a moderate attack (relative to the kick) appears underneath the synth chord stabs in the following sections:

• Verse 1 & 2
• Pre-Chorus 1 & 2
• Instrumental Break 1, 2

It appears as deep sustained notes that add weight and depth to the piano in:

• Chorus 1 & 2
• Vocal Break
• Instrumental Break 3

A plethora of synths appear throughout Closer:

Staccato synth chords are featured prominently throughout the song, appearing in the following sections:

• Verse 1 & 2
• Pre-Chorus 1 & 2
• Instrumental Break 1, 2 & 3

They are low-pass filtered to varying degrees – darker in timber in the verses and pre-choruses, and brightest in the instrumental break. They have a soft attack, lacking a percussive quality but rather quickly swelling up with each strike.

The main lead synth delivers the song’s primary hook front and center in all of the instrumental break sections. It possesses a bright, overdriven, abrasive, and somewhat nasal quality that easily cuts through the mix.

Here the main lead synth is low-pass filtered and used to deliver the song’s primary hook in the vocal break section. It gradually increases in prominence as the section progresses.

The high lead – bright synth (not heavily low-pass filtered) is featured at the end of choruses 1 and 2 and helps to set up instrumental breaks 1 & 2 that follow. It returns at the end of instrumental breaks 1 and 2 where it doubles the main lead synth at an octave higher. It has a pleasant, jovial tone, similar to that of a high woodwind.

The high lead – filtered synth essentially bookends the song in the intro and outro. The use of the low-pass filter accentuates its woodwind characteristic.

The wobbly synth possesses a tremolo type characteristic and delivers/reinforces the song’s primary instrumental hook in the following sections:

• Verse 1 & 2
• Pre-Chorus 1 & 2
• Instrumental Break 1

The wobbly synth adds color and texture via non-hook melodies and effects in the following sections:

• Intro
• Verse 1 & 2
• Pre-Chorus 1
• Outro

A sampled synth voice plays upbeat eighth notes on Ab4 in the second chorus and vocal break. Its rhythm helps to add momentum to those sections.

The string pad is utilized in the following sections:

• Choruses 1, 2 & 3
• Vocal Break
• Instrumental Break 3

In the first chorus it possesses a more organic, realistic timbre, whereas in the subsequent sections it becomes more ethereal and synth-sounding. It sounds a sustained Ab3 in each occurrence except for instrumental break 3 where it sounds Ab4.

Synth risers are utilized as transitional elements into the following sections:

• Pre-Chorus 1 & 2
• Verse 2
• Choruses 1, 2 & 3
• Instrumental Breaks 1, 2 & 3
• Outro

With the exception of the transition into the third instrumental break, all of the synth risers are relatively low-pitched and subtle. Upon entering into the third instrumental break, however, the riser is higher in pitch and sounds sixteenth note triplets, which heightens excitement and anticipation at the transition point.

Synth swells are utilized as transitional elements into the following sections:

• Verse 1 & 2
• Choruses 1, 2 & 3
• Instrumental Break 1, 2 & 3

A warm acoustic piano is featured in the following sections:

• Intro
• Chorus 1, 2 & 3
• Vocal Break
• Instrumental Break 3
• Outro

It is low-pass filtered in the intro, third chorus, vocal break and outro.

A punchy electronic kick is utilized in the following sections:

• Verse 1 & 2
• Pre-Chorus 1 & 2
• Instrumental Break 1, 2 & 3
• Vocal Break

Acoustic snaps provide the back beat (2 & 4) in verse 1 and 2.

Acoustic claps play a syncopated pattern in part Y of the following sections:

• Verse 1 & 2
• Pre-Chorus 1 & 2
• Instrumental Break 1, 2 & 3

There are two snare drum sounds featured in Closer: a heavy back beat and a staccato 808 used for fills. The 808 can be heard at the end of choruses 1 and 2 and the vocal break. The main back beat snare, which possesses a timbre not unlike the snare used on Michael Jackson’s Black Or White, is used in the following sections:

• Pre-Chorus 1 & 2
• Instrumental Break 1, 2 & 3
• Vocal Break (low-pass filtered)

An electronic crash cymbal can be heard on the down beat of every other bar in the following sections:

• Pre-Chorus 1 & 2
• Instrumental Break 1, 2 & 3
• Vocal Break (onset of the section)

An electronic hi hat is utilized playing eighth notes in the following sections:

• Pre-Chorus 1 & 2
• Instrumental Break 1, 2 & 3

An acoustic shaker is utilized playing a sixteenth note-based pattern in instrumental breaks 1, 2 & 3.

A cymbal swell is heard at the end of the following sections. In each case, its decay carries over for a few bars in to the subsequent section.

• Pre-Chorus 1 & 2
• Instrumental Break 2

Wind chimes are featured subtly in the mix, providing ethereal color and texture in the following sections:

• Intro
• Chorus 1 & 2

• Acoustic Piano: (Low-pass filtered, opens over the course of section – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 3b – Hi Lead – Filtered: (Low-pass filtered – Level: Begins low in mix and fades up to mid-low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 4b – Wobbly – Effects: (Background textural synth effects – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 8 – Swell: (Subtle synth swell at transition point – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Wind Chimes: (Ethereal – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.

Clocking in at 10 seconds / 4 bars, the intro is the shortest section in the song along with the outro. It consists of three core elements:

Acoustic Piano: The acoustic piano provides the section with a warm vibe, with melancholic and sensual undertones. This jibes with the overall connotation of the narrative (reference the Story Flow and Meaning section of the report for details).

Lead Synth: The hi-lead synth, which increases in level as the section progresses, introduces the listener to a repetitive fragment of the main hook that appears in some semblance in each section of the song.

Effects and Atmospherics: The low-level wind chimes and wobbly synth effects serve to provide the section with additional color and texture. The wind chimes in particular accentuate the warm vibe of the section in conjunction with the piano.

All three of the aforementioned elements begin with a low-pass filter effect and open up as the section progresses. This, along with the synth swell that enters toward the end of the section seamlessly transitions the listener into the verse that follows.

Transition Point (Intro into Verse 1): Turns on a dime.

• **Synth 1 – Chords: (Staccato chord stabs – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• **Bass: (Staccato sub bass – Level: Mid-low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• **Kick: (Punchy electronic kick, tight attack, works in tandem with the synth chords
  rhythmically – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• **Snaps: (Acoustic snaps on beats 2 and 4 – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.

Everything in Part X with the following additions:

• **Synth 4a – Wobbly – Lead: (Outlines the main hook – Level: Fades in throughout the section, peaks at end) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 4b – Wobbly – Effects: (Textural effects similar to the intro – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• **Synth 7 – Riser: (Subtle synth riser, low pitch – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• **Claps: (Syncopated acoustic claps – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.

**Indicates the first appearance of an instrument in the mix

The first half of the section, part X, features a sparse accompaniment, consisting of just four elements:

• Synth staccato block chords
• Synth bass
• Snaps
• Kick drum

The two key words that define this part of the verse are simplicity and space:

The interaction between these elements provides the section with a minimal, cool, hipster type vibe, with a touch of retro 1980s R&B/Soul due to the characteristics of the synth chords.

The second half of the section, part Y, features the core characteristics of part X plus two new additions:

Claps: The addition of the syncopated acoustic claps provides the section with an additional degree of momentum. Their syncopated quality provides engaging contrast to the steady snaps that sound on beats 2 and 4.

Wobbly Synth: There are two wobbly synths featured in the mix. The most important is the wobbly lead, which delivers the song’s primary hook in its fully developed state (remember – it was first partially introduced in the intro). It enters at a relatively low level in the mix at the onset of part Y, and increases in prominence as the section progresses. The second are low-level wobbly synth effects, which provide the section with additional color and texture.

Together, the claps and wobbly synth provide engaging contrast compared to part X without overshadowing the core foundation of the section. Furthermore, and arguably most importantly, the main hook earworm is further reinforced in the listener’s head in an under-the-radar manner.

Transition Point (Verse 1 into Pre-Chorus 1): A synth riser effect enters the mix toward the end of the verse, followed by a crack of the newly introduced snare that ushers in the pre-chorus that follows.

• Synth 1 – Chords: (Staccato chord stabs – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Bass: (Staccato sub bass – Level: Mid-low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• **Electric Guitar – Hooks: (Main hook, low-pass filtered, opens up toward the end of the section – Level: Low to Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 11:00.
• Kick: (Punchy electronic kick, tight attack, works with the synth chords rhythmically – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• **Snare: (Electronic snare with punchy attack – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• **Crash Cymbal: (Sounds on downbeat every two bars – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• **Hi Hat: (Eighth note pattern, emphasis on upbeats – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.

Everything in Part X with the following additions:

• Synth 4a – Wobbly – Lead: (Outlines the main hook – Level: Fades in throughout the section, peaks at end; Low-mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 4b – Wobbly – Effects: (Textural effects similar to the intro – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Claps: (Syncopated acoustic claps – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 7 – Riser: (Subtle synth riser, low pitch – Level: Low Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Synth 8 – Swell: (Subtle synth swell at transition point – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• **Cymbal Swell/Decay: (Bright cymbal swell with ample decay – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.

*Indicates a new or significantly changed up instrument in the mix compared to the preceding section
**Indicates the first appearance of an instrument in the mix

Carryover Elements

The first half of the section, part X, features the following elements that carry over from the preceding verse (note that the claps and snaps have been removed from the mix):

• Synth staccato block chords
• Synth bass
• Kick drum

These familiar elements provide effective cross-section continuity of the song’s core accompaniment/rhythmic foundation from which the pre-chorus builds upon. The continuity helps to keep the listener locked in, while the new elements heighten the engagement value due to the contrast imparted.

New Elements

The following elements make their first appearance thus far in the song:

• Electronic Snare
• Hi Hats
• Crash Cymbal
• Electric Guitar

Rhythmic Contrast

The addition of the electronic snare (which takes the place of the snaps that sound on beats 2 and 4 in the first verse), hats and crash up the momentum and piercing bite of the pre-chorus compared to the preceding verse.

Main Hook Repetition & Contrast

The electric guitar takes the place of the wobbly synth in delivering the song’s primary hook, albeit in a slightly simplified manner. As a result, the hook is further reinforced in the listener’s head, while the changeup in its timbre keeps it fresh and engaging. Additionally, note that the hook functions in a relatively supportive manner as opposed to the upfront lead quality that it possesses later in the instrumental breaks sections.

New Elements

With the accompaniment from the first half/part X of the section remaining in effect, the following elements are added in the second half/part Y – both of which are recycled from the preceding verse:

• Claps
• Wobbly Synth

As they do in the second half/part Y of the verse, the syncopated claps provide the section with a heightened degree of momentum and texture, and the wobbly synth functions in both main hook and effect capacities.

Double Hook Punch

Note that at this point in the section both the wobbly synth and electric guitar are delivering the song’s primary hook simultaneously. As with the changeover from the wobbly synth to electric guitar (part Y verse to part X pre-chorus), the merging of the two in part Y of the pre-chorus keeps the hook fresh and engaging despite its repetitive characteristics.

Transition Point (Pre-Chorus 1 into Chorus 1): Toward the end of the pre-chorus, synth swell and riser effects as well as a cymbal swell begin to transition the listener into the chorus that follows. The cymbal swell peaks at the transition point and decays into the chorus.

• *Acoustic Piano: (Not filtered, warm acoustic piano – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Bass: (Legato sub bass, in conjunction with piano – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Electric Guitar – Hooks: (Main hook, low-pass filtered, opens up by the end of the section – Level: Low to Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 11:00.
• **Synth 3a – High Lead – Bright: (Bright lead synth playing main hook, enters at end of section – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 1:00.
• **Synth 6 – String Pad: (Legato synth string pad sounds Ab3 – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 7 – Riser: (Subtle synth riser, low pitch – Level: Low Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 8 – Swell: (Subtle synth swell at transition point – Level: Low Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Snare: (808 snare playing a drum fill – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Wind Chimes: (Ethereal, mystical effect – Level: Low Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.

*Indicates a new or significantly changed up instrument in the mix compared to the preceding section
**Indicates the first appearance of an instrument in the mix

Following the accompaniment build that transpires from the first verse through the first pre-chorus, the chorus does a 180 by heading into partial breakdown/sparse mode. As a result, the energy level of the song is brought down as opposed to thrusting the listener into a powerful chorus payoff. Delaying the payoff until after the chorus is popular with EDM influenced hits (of which Closer is a representative) as opposed to more straight-up Pop songs. EDM hits tend to favor the instrumental break providing the song’s primary payoff as opposed to the chorus.

Preceding Section Carryovers and Omissions

All of the accompaniment elements from the preceding pre-chorus save for one have been omitted from the mix in the chorus. The sole exception is the electric guitar, which continues to deliver the repetitive fragment of the song’s primary hook. Note that it doubles the lead vocal melody in the second stanza, which features the full “proper” hook, and accentuates the impact of the hook as a result.

New Instrumental Additions

Two key elements that were first introduced in the intro make a return appearance in the first chorus:

• Acoustic piano
• Wind chimes

Their addition, coupled with the legato synth string pad, provides the section with a warm, tender, romantic vibe that strongly jibes with and accentuates the hook up theme of the narrative. These elements, along with the electric guitar hook, are the primary accompaniment elements that remain in effect up until the last two bars of the section.

Bar 7 and 8 Changeups

In the last two bars of the section, two key accompaniment changeups occur:

• The high lead bright synth enters the mix, doubling the vocal with an additional layer of the main hook.
• An 808 snare delivers a drum fill.

Together, these two elements help to transition the listener from the warm, tender, romantic vibe that has defined the section up until this point into the full-on EDM instrumental break section that follows

Transition Point (Chorus 1 into Instrumental Break 1): A synth swell and riser effect enter the mix at the tail end of the chorus, coupled with a two-note pick up from the lead synth that defines the instrumental break that follows.

• *Synth 1 – Chords: (Staccato chord stabs – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Bass: (Staccato sub bass – Level: Mid-low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• **Synth 2a – Main Lead: (Raspy, full, plays main hook – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 1:00.
• *Kick: (Punchy electronic kick, tight attack, works with the synth chords rhythmically – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Snare: (Electronic snare with punchy attack – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Crash Cymbal: (Sounds on downbeat every two bars – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Hi Hat: (Eighth note pattern, emphasis on upbeats – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• **Shaker: (Sixteenth note pattern – Level: Low-mid) Primary placement in the mix: 11:00.

Everything in Part X with the following addition:

• Synth 3a – High Lead – Bright: (Bright lead synth doubling the main hook an octave higher, enters at end of section – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 1:00.
• *Synth 4b – Wobbly – Effects: (Textural synth effects – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 7 – Riser: (Subtle synth riser, low pitch – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 8 – Swell: (Subtle synth swell at transition point – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Claps: (Syncopated acoustic claps – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.

*Indicates a new or significantly changed up instrument in the mix compared to the preceding section
**Indicates the first appearance of an instrument in the mix

The tension that had been accruing from the pre-chorus and chorus finally releases in the instrumental break. The section features a combination of recycled material from other sections in the song as well as new material.

Recycled Material

The staccato synth chord stabs, wobbly synth effects, synth bass, kick, snare, cymbals and syncopated claps (part Y) are all recycled from the pre-chorus. However, note that the timbre of the synth chord stabs not low-pass filtered and is more abrasive and piercing this time around. Additionally, the high bright lead synth which doubles the vocal in part Y of the chorus makes a return in the second half/part Y of the instrumental break – albeit secondary to the main lead synth (see below).

New Material

The song’s main hook, which was vocally front and center in the preceding chorus, is now instrumentally front and center in the instrumental break. Playing essentially the same pattern as the vocal, the synth that communicates the hook is abrasive, overdriven, bright, and somewhat nasal in timbre. As a result, it easily cuts through the mix and stands out. And as is the case in the other sections of the song, it’s changed up timbre keeps the hook fresh and engaging despite the in-section and cross-section repetitive characteristics.

The other new addition to the section is a shaker, which provides the section with a higher degree of momentum and intensity as well as color and texture.

Transition Point (Instrumental Break 1 to Verse 2): A synth riser and swell effects enters the mix at the tail end of the chorus, cutting off abruptly at the onset of the second verse.

• Synth 1 – Chords: (Staccato chord stabs – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Bass: (Staccato sub bass – Level: Mid-low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Kick: (Punchy electronic kick, tight attack, works with the synth chords
  rhythmically – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Snaps: (Acoustic snaps on beats 2 and 4 – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.

Everything in Part X with the following additions:

• *Synth 4a – Wobbly – Lead: (Outlines the main hook – Level: Fades in throughout the section, peaks at end) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 4b – Wobbly – Effects: (Textural effects similar to the intro – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 7 – Riser: (Subtle synth riser, low pitch – Level: Low Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Claps: (Syncopated acoustic claps – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.

*Indicates a new or significantly changed up instrument in the mix compared to the preceding section
**Indicates the first appearance of an instrument in the mix

Following the full accompaniment of the preceding instrumental break, stringent cross-sectional contrast is imparted as the song reverts back to the minimal, sparse and spacious accompaniment characteristics of the first verse. Essentially, both verse sections feature the same accompaniment characteristics.

Transition Point (Verse 2 into Pre-Chorus 2): Essentially the same transition utilized between verse 1 and pre-chorus 1.

• Synth 1 – Chords: (Staccato chord stabs – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Bass: (Staccato sub bass – Level: Mid-low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Electric Guitar – Hooks: (Main hook, low-pass filtered, opens up by the end of the section – Level: Low to Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 11:00.
• **Electric Guitar – Atmospheric: (Heavily effected with reverb and delay, repeats four-note melody – Level: Low to Mid) Primary placement in the mix: alternates 9:00 and 3:00.
• Kick: (Punchy electronic kick, tight attack, works with the synth chords rhythmically – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Snare: (Electronic snare with punchy attack – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Crash Cymbal: (Sounds on downbeat every two bars – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Hi Hat: (Eighth note pattern, emphasis on upbeats – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.

Everything in Part X with the following additions:

• Synth 4a – Wobbly – Lead: (Outlines the main hook – Level: Fades in throughout the section, peaks at end) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 7 – Riser: (Subtle synth riser, low pitch – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Synth 8 – Swell: (Subtle synth swell at transition point – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Claps: (Syncopated acoustic claps – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Cymbal Swell/Decay: (Bright cymbal swell with ample decay – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.

*Indicates a new or significantly changed up instrument in the mix compared to the preceding section

The second pre-chorus features the same core accompaniment characteristics as the first pre-chorus. The primary difference is that a heavily effected, atmospheric guitar has been added into the mix. While it’s not playing the repetitive hook that the other guitar in the mix is playing, it plays sparse melodic fragments based on the main hook.

Essentially, it’s primary function is to provide the section with atmospherics and engaging “like” and cross-section contrast.

Transition Point (Pre-Chorus 2 into Chorus 2): Essentially the same transition utilized between pre-chorus 1 and chorus 1.

• *Acoustic Piano: (Not filtered, warm acoustic piano – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Bass: (Legato sub bass, in conjunction with piano – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Electric Guitar – Hooks: (Main hook, low-pass filtered, opens up by the end of the section – Level: Low to Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 11:00.
• *Synth 3a – High Lead – Bright: (Bright lead synth playing main hook, enters at end of section – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 1:00.
• **Synth 5 – Voice: (Upbeat eighth notes, “eh” sounding vocal on Ab4 – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Synth 6 – String Pad: (Legato synth string pad sounds Ab3, more complex timbre than first chorus – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 7 – Riser: (Subtle synth riser, low pitch – Level: Low Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 8 – Swell: (Subtle synth swell at transition point – Level: Low Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Snare: (808 snare playing a drum fill – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Wind Chimes: (Ethereal, mystical effect – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.

*Indicates a new or significantly changed up instrument/vocal in the mix compared to the preceding section

The second chorus features the same core accompaniment characteristics as the first chorus, with the following new additions:

• The synth pad has grown more complex in timbre, offering more breathy overtones and creating an overall more ethereal vibe.
• The synth voice enters in the section half/part Y, playing upbeat eighth notes. This provides the section with additional color and texture, as well as a heightened degree of momentum.

Transition Point (Chorus 2 into the Instrumental Break 2): Essentially the same transition utilized between chorus 1 and instrumental break 1.

• *Synth 1 – Chords: (Staccato chord stabs – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Bass: (Staccato sub bass – Level: Mid-low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Synth 2a – Main Lead: (Raspy, full, plays main hook – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 1:00.
• *Kick: (Punchy electronic kick, tight attack, works with the synth chords rhythmically – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Snare: (Electronic snare with punchy attack – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Crash Cymbal: (Sounds on downbeat every two bars – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Hi Hat: (Eighth note pattern, emphasis on upbeats – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Shaker: (Sixteenth note pattern – Level: Low-mid) Primary placement in the mix: 11:00.

Everything in Part X with the following addition:

• Synth 3a – High Lead – Bright: (Bright lead synth doubling the main hook an octave higher, enters at end of section – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 1:00.
• Synth 7 – Riser: (Subtle synth riser, low pitch – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 8 – Swell: (Subtle synth swell at transition point – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Claps: (Syncopated acoustic claps – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Cymbal Swell/Decay: (Bright cymbal swell with ample decay – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.

*Indicates a new or significantly changed up instrument in the mix compared to the preceding section

The accompaniment in the second instrumental break is nearly identical to that of the first. The primary difference, as subtle as it is, is that the wobbly synth effects are not present this time around.

Transition Point (Instrumental Break 2 into Chorus 3): Essentially the same transition utilized between instrumental break 1 and verse 2.

• *Acoustic Piano: (Filtered, opens throughout section – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Synth 6 – String Pad: (Legato synth string pad sounds Ab3, more ethereal than previous chorus – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.

*Indicates a new or significantly changed up instrument/vocal in the mix compared to the preceding section

The third (and final) chorus in the song is also the sparsest from an accompaniment standpoint. While it features the pad and acoustic piano from the other chorus sections, it DOESN’T feature the bright synth, drum fill, or electric guitar hook. Note that this is the only section in the entire song that doesn’t feature an instrumental iteration of the hook.

Transition Point (Chorus 3 into the Vocal Break): The synths from the ensuing vocal break pick up at the tail end of the third chorus, followed by a crash cymbal hit on the first downbeat of the section.

• *Acoustic Piano: (Filtered, opens throughout section – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Bass: (Legato sub bass, in conjunction with piano – Level: Mid-low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Synth 2b – Main Lead – Filtered: (Main lead from instrumental breaks low-pass filtered – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Synth 5 – Voice: (Upbeat eighth notes, “eh” sounding vocal on Ab4 – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Synth 6 – String Pad: (Legato synth string pad sounds Ab4, more complex timbre than first chorus – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Synth 7 – Riser: (Higher pitched than previous risers and sounds 16th triplets – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Synth 8 – Swell: (Prominent synth swell at transition point – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Kick: (Low-pass filtered, opens throughout; plays straight 8th notes in conjunction with the snare – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Snare: (Low-pass filtered, opens throughout; plays straight 8th notes; additional 808 snare fill enters at end of section – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Crash Cymbal: (Sounds on first downbeat of the section – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.

The vocal break post chorus functions as the song’s primary “bridge surrogate” section due to the pronounced departure that it provides in lieu of a bridge. While all of the instruments are featured in other sections, many appear in an altered state here.

Chorus Carryovers

The acoustic piano and its associated progression carries over from the preceding chorus. However, note that a low-pass filter effect has been applied, and begins to open up as the section progresses. The synth string pad carries over as well, albeit quite buried in the mix.

Other Recycled Instruments

• Bass: Legato sub bass is featured in conjunction with the piano, providing the section with a deep bottom end.
• Kick and snare: Both are low-pass filtered and play straight eighth notes throughout the majority of the section. The result is an intense, driving quality that does not transpire anywhere else in the song. Toward the end of the section, the 808 snare plays the same fill that transitions choruses 1 and 2 into the ensuing instrumental break sections.
• Lead synth: The lead synth that plays a defining role in the instrumental break sections delivers the primary hook in the vocal break. However, its timbre is differentiated due to the low-pass filter effect that’s imparted.
• Synth Voice: Initially featured in the second half of the second chorus, the synth voice makes a return appearance in the vocal break and remains in effect throughout the section.

Together, along with the vocals, the vocal break accompaniment takes the intensity and tension of the song to a feverish high, releasing in the final instrumental break section that follows.

Transition Point (Vocal Break into Instrumental Break 3): The drum fill that was utilized to transition choruses 1 and 2 into instrumental breaks 1 and 2 is put into play here to transition the vocal break into instrumental break 3. Additionally, Halsey’s prolonged “old-er-er-er,” which begins at the end of the vocal break, carries over right past the transition point into the instrumental break.

• *Acoustic Piano: (Not filtered, warm acoustic piano – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Synth 1 – Chords: (Staccato chord stabs – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Bass: (Sustained sub bass – Level: Mid-low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Synth 2a – Main Lead: (Raspy, full, plays main hook – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 1:00.
• Synth 6 – String Pad: (Legato synth string pad sounds Ab4 – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Kick: (Punchy electronic kick, tight attack, works with the synth chords rhythmically – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Snare: (Electronic snare with punchy attack – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Crash Cymbal: (Sounds on downbeat every two bars – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Hi Hat: (Eighth note pattern, emphasis on upbeats – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Shaker: (Sixteenth note pattern – Level: Low-mid) Primary placement in the mix: 11:00.

Everything in Part X with the following addition:

• Synth 7 – Riser: (Subtle synth riser, low pitch – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 8 – Swell: (Subtle synth swell at transition point – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Claps: (Syncopated acoustic claps – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.

*Indicates a new or significantly changed up instrument in the mix compared to the preceding section

The third (and last) instrumental break section in the song features the same core accompaniment characteristics as found in the instrumental break sections. The primary difference is that the synth pad from the vocal break remains in effect throughout the section, which along with the vocals provides it with a more intense vibe compared to the preceding two, as well as engaging “like” section contrast.

Transition Point (Instrumental Break 3 to Outro): Turns on a dime.

• *Acoustic Piano: (Low-pass filtered, does not change filter cutoff throughout – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Synth 3b – Hi Lead – Filtered: (Low-pass filtered – Level: Begins low in mix and fades up to Mid-low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.

*Indicates a new or significantly changed up instrument in the mix compared to the preceding section

The outro is essentially a reversion back to the accompaniment characteristics of the intro, minus the wobbly synth effects. As a result, the song is bookended by the filtered piano and synth hook, ending the song on a familiar note.

Consisting of low-pass filtered acoustic piano, low-pass filtered hi lead synth (once again playing fragments of the main hook), and a “static” sounding delay ring out that stems from the lead synth in the preceding section, the energy level of the song is brought all the way back down, putting the listener gently back down on the ground as the song comes to a conclusion.

Additionally, note that the last note in the synth hook pattern doesn’t conclude on the tonic, and leaves the listener hanging as a result (i.e. a “false” ending).

Harmonic Progressions

Artist: Charlie Puth featuring Selena Gomez
Song: We Don’t Talk Anymore
Songwriters: Charlie Puth, Jacob Hindlin, Selena Gomez
Producer: Charlie Puth
Record Label: Atlantic
Genre: Pop
Sub Genres/Influencers: Dance/Club, Electropop, World (Reggae/Tropical/Dancehall), Singer/Songwriter, R&B/Soul, Trap/Snap/Crunk
Length: 3:03
Structure (Core Form): B-A-B-A-B-IB-B
Key: C# Minor
Tempo: 100 BPM
First Chorus: Kickoff (0:00)
Intro Length: N/A
Electronic vs. Acoustic: Electronic/Acoustic Combo
Prominent Instrumentation: Bass (Synth), Claps, Guitar (Acoustic), Drums/Perc, Synth, Mallets, Electric Guitar
Primary Lyrical Theme(s): Love/Relationships
Title Appearances: We Don’t Talk Anymore appears 19 times in the song
Lyrical P.O.V: 1st and 2nd 

The lead synth featured in the instrumental break post chorus and outro delivers We Don’t Talk Anymore’s primary instrumental hook. It possesses a vocal characteristic, similar in timbre to the synths found in other recent Top 10 hits such as Major Lazer’s Lean On featuring MØ, and Seeb’s remix of Mike Posner’s I Took a Pill in Ibiza. It has an exotic, “snaking” vibe, recalling sounds of flutes in the Middle East, which provides the song with an additional World influence.

Its repetitive A-A-A-B phrase structure coupled with the simplicity of the progression and unique timbre in the song enables this hook to easily stand out, connect, and get ingrained in the listener’s head.

The song title We Don’t Talk Anymore functions as both the song’s primary lyrical hook and vocal hook.

In the first stanza/part X of the chorus, the song title hook is repeated three consecutive times in a very similar manner. This, coupled with the half rest that follows the first two occurrences enables the title hook to easily connect and resonate with the listener.

The second stanza/part Y features an almost identical melodic structure as part X, save for the “oo-ooh” vocal that follows line 2. However, note that the lyrics are different on lines 1 and 2. Despite the lyrical differences, the song title hook melody is further reinforced with the listener.

The song title hook vocal duties are changed up throughout the song, which helps to keep it fresh and engaging despite its repetitive characteristics:

• Chorus 1: Puth
• Chorus 2: Puth
• Chorus 3: Puth and Gomez (Gomez is at the forefront of the mix)
• Chorus 4: Puth and Gomez
• Outro: Puth and Gomez (Puth is at the forefront of the mix. Gomez enters on the very last line)

The song title hook is conveyed by Puth in both a similar and infectiously changed up manner in the outro compared to the chorus sections. As a result, the similarity reinforces the hook with the listener, while the differences helps keep it fresh and engaging – in addition to providing Puth with another opportunity to show off his vocal chops.

Additionally, the final “we don’t talk anymore” statement in the song is conveyed by both Puth and Gomez concurrently. Gomez’s vocal is spoken, heavily effected, and possesses a telephone / answering machine effect, which is unique in the scope of the song.

The chorus functions as the song’s primary sectional payoff, as it is arguably the most infectious, engaging, and memorable section of the song, and provides the summation of the narrative. However, the instrumental break post chorus and outro are exceptionally infectious and satisfying as well, and serve as secondary payoffs in the scope of the song.

Form: At its core, We Don’t Talk Anymore follows a B-A-B-A-B-IB-B form (chorus – verse – chorus – verse – chorus – instrumental break – chorus). It contains pre-chorus and outro sections in its framework as well. What it DOESN’T contain is an intro or narrative-advancing bridge. Additionally, the instrumental break section that follows the second chorus serves as an infectious post chorus due to the additional hook that it houses. Full Form: B / A-PC-B / A-PC-B / IB-PC-B-O

Section Length: Each full section in the song is ~20 seconds/8 bars long, and broken into two ~10 second/4-bar parts/stanzas.

Sectional Time Allocation: As is typically the case in mainstream hits, the chorus is allocated the greatest amount of time relative to all of the other sections, comprising 36% of We Don’t Talk Anymore’s total composition. The pre-chorus follows at 27% (9% less than the chorus), the verse at 18% (9% less than the pre-chorus), and the instrumental break and outro both at 9% (9% less than the verse).

First Chorus Appearance: We Don’t Talk Anymore kicks off with the chorus. As a result, the listener is immediately introduced to the song’s primary sectional payoff and vocal/lyrical hooks.

Sectional Segmentation: Many Top 10 hits break longer-length sections into shorter segments (i.e. parts/stanzas) to help keep the engagement factor at a high through the introduction of changed up or new material. In We Don’t Talk Anymore, this is put into effect in each section of the song. Each part/stanza pair possesses both similar and contrasting characteristics relative to one another, which ensures that the memorability factor of the full section is kept at a high, while at the same time preventing things from becoming overly monotonous.

The majority of songs that land in the Hot 100 Top 10 contain two pre-chorus sections in their framework. We Don’t Talk Anymore goes against the grain with three. The only other Top 10 hits since the beginning of 2016 that contain three pre-chorus sections in their framework are Don’t Mind, No, and Send My Love (To Your New Lover). In the case of We Don’t Talk Anymore, its unique full breakdown characteristic compared to the other pre-chorus sections provides an important departure where one would typically expect to find a bridge, along with the preceding instrumental break.

Of all the sections in the song, the outro is arguably the cleverest, and one of most engaging. It is essentially a hybrid of the song’s three most infectious sections – the pre-chorus, chorus, and instrumental break. As a result, the listener is left with some of the song’s most infectious and memorable elements resonating in their head at the conclusion.

Outro Accompaniment

• Chorus: Main backing music
• Instrumental Break: Primary instrumental hook

Outro Vocals/Lyrics

• Pre-Chorus: The bulk of lyrics from pre-chorus 1 are sung with a heavy vocoder effect a la Daft Punk’s Get Lucky. The exception occurs at the end of each stanza, which features Selena Gomez minus the effected vocals.
• Chorus: Puth sings the title lyrics at the beginning of the first and second stanzas, and joins together with Gomez on the last iteration of the title in the section. Additionally, the background vocal “hey” shouts from the chorus are featured as well.
• New Vocal/Lyrical Elements: Puth sings nonsense “oh-oh” and “whoa-oh” lyrics at the end of lines 2 and 3 in part X, and 6 and 7 in part Y.

We Don’t Talk Anymore features a high degree of dynamic variety – from low-energy breakdowns and transitional lulls to multi-sectional periods of sustained intensity. Together, they provide the listener with a highly dynamic and engaging listening experience.

The song progresses through three MTI/Energy level “waves.” Each wave begins with a relatively low energy level, and concludes with an energy level peak.

• Wave 1: Chorus 1 – Chorus 2
• Wave 2: Verse 2 – Instrumental Break
• Wave 3: Pre-Chorus 3 – Outro

Key

A=Verse, PC=Pre-Chorus, B=Chorus, IB=Instrumental Break, O=Outro
X/Y: First Stanza/Second Stanza

In the second half of the song, the listener is kept in the high-energy/full Dance groove for two consecutive sections:

• Chorus 3 through the Instrumental Break
• Chorus 4 through the Outro

These two energy level peaks are broken up by pre-chorus 3, which is a breakdown (i.e. possesses a very sparse characteristic relative to other sections). Note that pre-chorus 3 is the only pre-chorus in the entire song that remains in breakdown mode throughout the entire section, as opposed to only the second half. This sustained breakdown is fitting because it is surrounded by multiple high energy sections.

Each chorus in the song is preceded by a synth swell/lull/drum fill transition. The lull and thinned out accompaniment heightens the impact of the powerful full-accompaniment chorus that follows.

We Don’t Talk Anymore is a Pop song with Dance/Club, Electropop, R&B/Soul, Singer/Songwriter, Trap, and World (Tropical and Middle-Eastern) influences. These influences are present in the characteristics of the vocals, backing music, or both, in specific sections and in varying degrees of prominence throughout the song.

We Don’t Talk Anymore capitalizes on some of the hottest trends in today’s mainstream music scene, which accentuates the song’s ability to easily connect with a wide audience.

They include:

Folk, Singer/Songwriter: Put in to effect by acoustic guitar qualities similar to those found in found in Treat You Better and Stitches (Shawn Mendes), and more.

R&B/Soul: Particularly put into effect by the passionate, soulful vocals similar to those heard songs such as Pillowtalk (ZAYN), and 7 Years (Lukas Graham).

Trap: The sub bass and rapid-fire hi hats are also heard in recent hits including Don’t Let Me Down, Pillowtalk, and Work From Home.

Tropical and Dance/Club: Dance/Club-natured Tropical grooves and sounds are heard in diverse hits including Cheap Thrills, One Dance, Cold Water and Treat You Better.

Vocal Synths: Synths with a heavily pitch-processed vocal quality have been featured in big summer hits in both 2015 and 2016 including I Took A Pill In Ibiza (Mike Posner – Seeb Remix), Lean On (DJ Snake, Major Lazer, MØ), Sorry & What Do You Mean (Justin Bieber), and Where Are U Now (Jack U).

We Don’t Talk Anymore traverses through three groove levels – lite, moderate, and full, creating a dynamic and engaging ride for the listener. The level of groove is affected by the sparseness or fullness of the accompaniment in specific sections throughout the song.

Key

A=Verse, PC=Pre-Chorus, B=Chorus, IB=Instrumental Break, O=Outro
X/Y (In the header): First Stanza/Second Stanza

The song begins with a lite groove in the first chorus, and moves into a moderate groove in the first verse and the first half (part X) of the pre-chorus once the four-on-the-floor kick is added into the mix. The groove scales back to lite in the second half of the pre-chorus, which provides the full groove chorus that follows with a greater degree of perceived impact.

The pattern then repeats in the second verse, pre-chorus, and third chorus.

The instrumental break that follows the third chorus keeps the listener locked in full-groove mode, and then scales back to lite once again in the third pre-chorus, which provides engaging contrast. The song then launches back into full-groove mode once again in the fourth chorus, and remains in effect throughout the outro.

We Don’t Talk Anymore is a downtrodden love/relationship-themed song about two people who were involved in a relationship, broke up, still care for one another, and are trying to remain as friends or acquaintances. However, neither wants to know of the other’s new relationship exploits, hence the wrench in them still talking.

It’s communicated primarily in the past and present tense from a first and second person P.O.V. The narrative makes good use of detail and emotion, and the P.O.V. shifts between the protagonist and antagonist throughout the song makes for a highly engaging listen. Additionally, The narrative is communicated in a universal manner, which enables it to easily connect and resonate with a wide audience.

The impact of the narrative (and the song as a whole) is accentuated by the clever and effective structuring of the Puth (protagonist) / Gomez (antagonist) duet:

Chorus

• Chorus 1: Protagonist
• Chorus 2: Protagonist
• Chorus 3: Antagonist
• Chorus 4: Protagonist and Antagonist

Verse

• Verse 1: Protagonist
• Verse 2: Antagonist

Pre-Chorus

• Pre-Chorus 1: Protagonist
• Pre-Chorus 2: Antagonist
• Pre-Chorus 3: Protagonist and Antagonist

Outro

• Protagonist and Antagonist

Most Top 10 hit pre-choruses typically feature the same lyrics from occurrence to occurrence. However, that is only partially the case with We Don’t Talk Anymore. Consisting of two parts/stanzas, each pre-chorus features core lyrical similarities, but also contains changeups depending on whether the lyrics are being delivered by the protagonist or antagonist.

Pre-Chorus Commonalities

First Stanza/Part X: Each begins and ends with the same lyrics, which relate to both the protagonist and antagonist:

• Line 1: Don’t wanna know
• Line 4: The way I did before

Second Stanza/Part Y: Features the same lyrics from occurrence to occurrence, relating to both the protagonist and antagonist:

• Line 5: I overdosed
• Line 6: Shoulda known your love was a game
• Line 7: Now I can’t get you out of my brain
• Line 8: Ooh it’s such a shame

Pre-Chorus Differences

Lines 2 and 3 in part X of each pre-chorus relate specifically to the protagonist or antagonist:

Pre-Chorus 1 (Protagonist)

• Line 2: Kinda dress you’re wearin’ tonight
• Line 3: If he’s holdin’ on to you so tight

Pre-Chorus 2 (Antagonist)

• Line 2: If you’re lookin’ into her eyes
• Line 3: If she’s holdin’ on to you so tight

Pre-Chorus 3 (Protagonist)

• Line 2: Kinda dress you’re wearin’ tonight
• Line 3: If he’s givin’ it to you just right

The narrative is communicated in a universal manner, which enables it to easily connect and resonate with a wide audience. Since there is no mention of specific details that relate to both the protagonist and antagonist (i.e. the specific reason for their breakup, or the specifics regarding their relationship), the listener can adapt the story to fit their own life’s circumstances.

Puth’s decision to feature Selema Gomez on the track was a good one beyond just what she could contribute vocally. Gomez’s fans are well aware of her relationship history with Justin Bieber, and as a result would be more intrigued to check out the song and get engrossed in the narrative to see how it possibly relates. Ultimately this will lead to increased exposure and sales of Puth’s song.

As a title, We Don’t Talk Anymore is on the generic end of the spectrum. However, its powerful connotation coupled with the “soap opera factor” (i.e. since Selena Gomez is featured on the track, can it possibly pertain to her ex Justin Bieber?) will further pique the curiosity of the listener to check out the song.

We Don’t Talk Anymore is featured 19 times throughout the song. It appears four times in each of the song’s four chorus sections – the first three in a back-to-back manner in the first stanza/part X, and once on the second to last line in the second stanza/part Z.

Its featured three times in the outro as well – at the beginning of each stanza as well as the last line in the entire song.

We Don’t Talk Anymore features a host of different vocal characteristics throughout the song. Among them are solo male (Charlie Puth), solo female (Selena Gomez), harmonized lead (Puth and Gomez), harmonized background in conjunction with the lead, and harmonized background independent of the lead. Multiple effects are employed as well, including varying degrees of reverb and delay, a vocoder effect, and a telephone / answering machine type effect. The manner in which these disparate characteristics interact throughout the song takes We Don’t Talk Anymore’s overall impact to a heightened level.

Key

A=Verse, PC=Pre-Chorus, B=Chorus, IB=Instrumental Break, O=Outro
X/Y (In the header): First Stanza/Second Stanza

The vocal melody in We Don’t Talk Anymore spans B3 to C#5. It adheres to the K.I.S.S. principal (keep it simple and singable) and features a strong blend of repetitive and contrasting characteristics, which keeps the melodies fresh, engaging and memorable throughout the song.

The chorus, as is typically the case in Top 10 hits, features the most straight-forward and repetitive melodic structure in the scope of the song. As a result, this is the section that most easily connects and resonates with the listener.

What follows is a breakdown of the melodic structure for each section in the song. As you will see, each stanza in each full section of the song possesses a very similar structure. As a result, the melody is reinforced with the listener on a pronounced level.

Key

Numbers: Each number in its respective section represents a particular motive. These motives possess either the same, or a very similar melodic structure.
(-): Divides each motive in a particular line
(/): Divides each line

Verse 1

• First Stanza (two lines): 1 – 2 – 2 / 2 – 3
• Second Stanza (two lines): 1 – 2 – 2 / 2 – 3

Verse 2

• First Stanza (two lines): 1 – 2 – 2 / 2 – 3
• Second Stanza (two lines): 1 – 4 – 2 / 2 – 3

Pre-Chorus

• First Stanza (four lines): 1 / 2 / 2 / 3
• Second Stanza (four lines):  1 / 2 / 2 / 3

Chorus

• First Stanza (four lines): 1 / 1 / 1 / 2
• Second Stanza (four lines):  1 / 1 / 3 – 1 / 2

Outro

The section is a hybrid of chorus and pre-chorus vocals. See the Vocal Melody section of the report for details.

We Don’t Talk Anymore features a combination of in-line, cross-line, and cross-stanza rhyme schemes, as well as repetitive lyrics – especially in the chorus. Together, they do a great job of bolstering the song’s memorability factor and engagement value.

Key

(/): Separates the first stanza from the second stanza.

• Verse 1: XAXA
• Verse 2: XAXA
• Pre-Chorus: ABBX / ACCC (each pre-chorus features the same rhyme scheme despite some changed up lyrics)
• Chorus: AAAB / AAAB
• Outro: ABBA / ACCC

We Don’t Talk Anymore features four primary instrument types in the mix that shape its sound and vibe – guitars, bass, synths, and drums/percussion.

Bass: The bass featured in We Don’t Talk Anymore is a deep sub bass. It has a very prominent low end and hardly any top end or attack.

Drums/Perc: An assortment of drums and percussion elements are featured throughout the song. They include:

• Cymbal (electronic)
• Claps (acoustic)
• Hi hats (electronic)
• Kick (electronic) – provides the song with its driving four-on-the-floor Dance/Club rhythm.
• Shaker (acoustic)
• Snare (acoustic/electric hybrid)
• Tom (acoustic)

Guitar: A fingerpicked acoustic guitar playing 16th note arpeggios is present in every section of the song. It is most prominent in the mix in the sections that feature the sparsest arrangement – the intro and the third pre-chorus. Electric guitar is featured in choruses 2, 3, & 4, the instrumental break, and the outro. It is palm muted, slightly overdriven, and plays a syncopated pattern that adds momentum to the sections in which it is featured.

Synths: A plethora of synths are used in We Don’t Talk Anymore. They include vocal-based synths, leads, keyboards, mallets and more. They provide the song with its Electropop influence and their respective qualities are in tune with the current state of the mainstream music scene.

At its core, We Don’t Talk Anymore follows a B-A-B-A-B-IB-B form (chorus – verse – chorus – verse – chorus – instrumental break – chorus). It contains pre-chorus and outro sections in its framework as well. What it DOESN’T contain is an intro or narrative-advancing bridge.

Full Form: B / A-PC-B / A-PC-B / IB-PC-B-O

The instrumental break that directly follows the second chorus serves as an infectious post chorus due to the additional hook that it houses. Additionally, the instrumental break and ensuing breakdown third pre-chorus function as “bridge surrogates” due to the departure they provide where one would typically expect to find a narrative-advancing bridge.

We Don’t Talk Anymore kicks off with the chorus and is directly followed by a 2x repeat of a verse – pre-chorus – chorus sectional progression. Following the third chorus, a differentiated sectional progression consisting of instrumental break – pre-chorus – chorus – outro ensues, followed by the song coming to its conclusion.

We Don’t Talk Anymore contains 11 sections in its framework. Each is composed of two parts/stanzas, which are denoted as part X and Y throughout the report.

• Two verse sections
• *Three pre-chorus sections
• Four chorus sections
• One instrumental break (post chorus) section
• One outro

*We Don’t Talk Anymore is one of only four Top 10 hits since the beginning of the year that contain three pre-chorus sections in their framework. The others are Don’t Mind, No, and Send My Love (To Your New Lover).

Each full section in the song is ~20 seconds/8 bars, broken into two ~10-second/4-bar parts/stanzas.

Many Top 10 hits break longer-length sections into shorter segments (i.e. parts/stanzas) to help keep the engagement factor at a high through the introduction of changed up or new material. In We Don’t Talk Anymore, this is put into effect in each section of the song. Each part/stanza pair possesses both similar and contrasting characteristics relative to one another, which ensures that the memorability factor of the full section is kept at a high, while at the same time preventing things from becoming overly monotonous.

Reference the Vocal and Music sections of the report for details.

As is typically the case in mainstream hits, the chorus is allocated the greatest amount of time relative to all of the other sections, comprising 36% of We Don’t Talk Anymore’s total composition. The pre-chorus follows at 27% (9% less than the chorus), the verse at 18% (9% less than the pre-chorus), and the instrumental break and outro both at 9% (9% less than the verse).

This section of the report focuses on the MTI/Energy (momentum, tension, intensity) and sonic levels in each section of the song.

We Don’t Talk Anymore features a high degree of dynamic variety – from low-energy breakdowns and transitional lulls to multi-sectional periods of sustained intensity. Together, they provide the listener with a highly dynamic and engaging listening experience.

The song progresses through three MTI/Energy level “waves.” Each wave begins with a relatively low energy level, and concludes with an energy level peak.

• Wave 1: Chorus 1 – Chorus 2
• Wave 2: Verse 2 – Instrumental Break
• Wave 3: Pre-Chorus 3 – Outro

In the second half of the song, the listener is kept in the high-energy/full Dance groove for two consecutive sections:

• Chorus 3 – Instrumental Break
• Chorus 4 – Outro

These two energy level peaks are broken up by pre-chorus 3, which is a breakdown (i.e. possesses a very sparse characteristic relative to other sections). Note that pre-chorus 3 is the only pre-chorus in the entire song that remains in breakdown mode throughout the entire section, as opposed to only the second half. This sustained breakdown is fitting because it is surrounded by multiple high energy sections.

Each chorus in the song is preceded by a synth swell/lull/drum fill transition. The lull and thinned out accompaniment heightens the impact of the powerful full-accompaniment chorus that follows.

We Don’t Talk Anymore’s first chorus features the lowest overall energy level in the entire song. This is due to the sparse arrangement, consisting of Puth’s tender, fragile vocal, claps, and a few synths that play a subtle role in the mix. However, note that the downtrodden lyrics (i.e. “we don’t talk anymore”) coupled with Puth’s delivery provides the section with an underlying tense of tension.

The MTI/Energy level is kicked up in the first verse due in part to the addition of the four-on-the-floor kick, sub bass, and the more animated quality of Puth’s lead vocals compared to the preceding chorus. Together they provide a heightened degree of momentum, power and intensity.

The MTI/Energy level in the first half of the pre-chorus (part X) is slightly above that of the preceding verse primarily due to the changeups in the vocal (e.g. ascending melody and background vocal additions). The characteristics of the accompaniment remain relatively on par. However, the MTI /energy level drops off significantly in the second half of the section (part Y) due to the removal of the four-on-the-floor kick and bass, which puts the song into breakdown mode. This results in less intensity and momentum compared to the first half of the section and the preceding verse.).

Toward the end of the pre-chorus, an airy synth swell and reverse cymbal swell effect enter the mix. They abruptly cut off at the end of beat 2 in the last measure, followed by the full accompaniment being pulled on beat 3. This creates a brief transitional lull under Puth’s “we don’t” vocal, followed by a snare/tom fill on beat 4. The thinned out accompaniment enables the full chorus to hit with increased perceived impact at the onset of the section.

The MTI/Energy level of the song is thrust up to its first peak in a pronounced manner in the second chorus due to the changeups in the accompaniment. The section features the fullest arrangement in the song thus far, and features the most pronounced, driving groove as well.

Following the chorus, the MTI/Energy level is brought down in the first half of the second verse (part X) due to the thinned out characteristic of the accompaniment (e.g. the bass and snare among other elements have been removed from the mix). However, note that the four-on-the-floor kick remains in effect, which keeps the Dance/Club influenced momentum in effect.

In the second half of the section the bass and snare return to the mix, which results in a higher intensity level compared to part X. Compared to its verse 1 counterpart, the MTI/Energy level is relatively on par.

The MTI/Energy level progression in the second pre-chorus is essentially the same as the first pre-chorus in the song. It begins at a slightly higher level than the preceding verse due to the changeup in the vocal (e.g. higher pitch, background vocal additions), and then drops off in the second half due to the thinned out accompaniment.

Essentially the same swell/lull/fill technique that was used to transition the first pre-chorus into the first chorus is utilized here as well.

The MTI/Energy level reaches its highest level thus far in the song in the third chorus. Its subtly higher than that of the second chorus primary due to the changeups in the vocal – in particular Puth harmonizing with Gomez’s lead and the addition of the “we don’t, we don’t” background vocals.

Following the third chorus, the MTI/Energy level remains relatively constant in the instrumental break primarily due to the accompaniment similarities between sections. The primary difference is that the lead synth has been substituted for the chorus vocals.

Following two back-to-back sections of sustained intensity, the MTI/Energy level is brought way back down in the first stanza/part X of the third pre-chorus due to its breakdown/sparse characteristics (i.e. vocal, guitar, synth plucks).

The level is kicked up a notch in the second half of the section due to the addition of the claps, synth vocal pad, electric piano synth, and mallets into the mix.

Essentially the same as the two previous chorus impact accentuators featured in the song.

Following the respite in the pre-chorus, the MTI/Energy level is thrust up to its peak in the fourth and final chorus. While the accompaniment characteristics are on par with the third chorus, the additional vocals and subtly higher levels provide for a higher degree of intensity.

The MTI/Energy level in the outro remains on par with that of the preceding chorus. As a result, the listener is kept at an excited high for two-straight sections, followed by the song abruptly cutting off at the end.

Many of today’s hits feature a fusion of different genres, sub-genres and influences that helps to achieve the following:

• Provide the song with a unique nature that enables it to stand out from its mainstream contemporaries via interesting and at times unconventional pairings.
• Increase the fan base and sales potential of the artist and song by traversing multiple genres.

We Don’t Talk Anymore is a Pop song with Dance/Club, Electropop, R&B/Soul, Singer/Songwriter, Trap, and World (Tropical and Middle-Eastern) influences. These influences are present in the characteristics of the vocals, backing music, or both, in specific sections and in varying degrees of prominence throughout the song.

Note that these influences are some of the hottest trends heard in current mainstream hits, which accentuates the song’s ability to easily connect with a wide audience.

Additionally, We Don’t Talk Anymore traverses through three groove levels, which maximizes its impact with the listener.

Key

x: The influence is heard in a specific section
X: The influence is prominent in a specific section

The entire song features a Singer/Songwriter influence, which is primarily put into effect by the characteristics of the acoustic guitar. Its most prominent in the first chorus and third pre-chorus where the guitar plays the central role in the mix, and takes more of a backseat in the other sections when the other accompaniment elements are in effect.

Each vocal section of the song save for the instrumental break features an R&B/Soul influence. Its most evident in the soulful, passionate characteristics of Puth’s delivery, and to a lesser extent Gomez’s, which leans more toward the Pop end of the spectrum.

Electropop plays a role in at least one part/stanza in each section of the song and is put into effect by the synths featured in the mix. The exceptions are:

• Chorus 1: Part X
• Pre-Chorus 1 & 2: Part Y
• Pre-Chorus 3: Part X
• Verse 2: Part X

The above parts/stanzas all feature a relatively sparse arrangement and do not contain any synths in the mix.

Each section of the song save for the first chorus and first part/stanza of the third pre-chorus possesses a Dance/Club influence, in varying levels of prominence.

The influence is most pronounced in the sections that feature the full drum groove and synth bass in the mix:

• Choruses 2, 3 & 4: Full section
• Instrumental Break: Full section
• Outro: Full section

The influence is less pronounced in the sections that feature a sparser accompaniment, but is kept in effect primarily by the four-on-the-floor kick, and to a lesser extent the claps:

• Verse 1: Full section
• Pre-Chorus 1: Full section (the kick is removed in the second stanza but the claps remain)
• Pre-Chorus 2: Full section (the kick and snare are removed in the second stanza but the claps remain)
• Verse 2: Full section (accentuated by the addition of the snare in the second part/stanza)
• Chorus 1: Full section (Claps only)

Additionally, a Daft Punk influence is put into effect by the harmonized/vocoder vocals in chorus 3 and the outro.

Trap plays a minimal role in the following sections:

• Pre-Chorus 1: Part X
• Pre-Chorus 2: Part X
• Verse 2
• Chorus 2, 3 & 4
• Instrumental Break
• Outro

The sub bass, rapid-fire hi hats, and claps provide a subtle Trap influence, which accentuates the song’s relevance in today’s mainstream music scene since Trap plays a significant role in various genres.

There are two World influences featured in specific sections – Tropical and Middle Eastern.

Tropical played a major role during the summer of 2016. Its influence was present in diverse hits including Cheap Thrills, Cold Water, Treat You Better, among others. We Don’t Talk Anymore capitalized on this trend, and is put into effect by the Reggae-influenced rhythms, light synths, and breezy grooves in the following sections:

• Chorus 2, 3 & 4
• Instrumental Break
• Outro

The instrumental break and outro sections feature a Middle Eastern influence, which is put into effect by the “snaking” qualities of the lead synth. It shares this characteristic in common with the lead synth featured in The Chainsmoker’s recent hit, Don’t Let Me Down.

We Don’t Talk Anymore capitalizes on some of the hottest trends in the mainstream music scene which accentuates its connection with a mainstream audience. They include:

• Folk, Singer/Songwriter: Put in to effect by acoustic guitar qualities similar to those found in found in Treat You Better, Stitches (Shawn Mendes), and more.
• R&B/Soul: Particularly put into effect by the passionate, soulful vocals similar to those heard songs such as Pillowtalk (ZAYN), and 7 Years (Lukas Graham).
• Trap: The sub bass, rapid-fire hi hats are also heard in recent hits including Don’t Let Me Down, Pillowtalk, and Work From Home.
• Tropical and Dance/Club: Dance/Club natured Tropical grooves and sounds are heard in diverse hits including Cheap Thrills, One Dance, Cold Water and Treat You Better.
• Vocal Synths: Synths with a heavily pitch-processed vocal quality have been featured in big summer hits in both 2015 and 2016 including I Took A Pill In Ibiza (Mike Posner – Seeb Remix), Lean On (DJ Snake, Major Lazer, MØ), Sorry & What Do You Mean (Justin Bieber), and Where Are U Now (Jack U).

We Don’t Talk Anymore traverses through three groove levels – lite, moderate, and full, creating a dynamic and engaging ride for the listener. The level of groove is affected by the sparseness or fullness of the accompaniment in specific sections throughout the song.

The song begins with a lite groove in the first chorus, and moves into a moderate groove in the first verse and the first half (part X) of the pre-chorus once the four-on-the-floor kick is added into the mix. The groove scales back to lite in the second half of the pre-chorus, which provides the full groove chorus that follows with a greater degree of perceived impact.

The pattern then repeats in the second verse, pre-chorus, and third chorus.

The instrumental break that follows the third chorus keeps the listener locked in full-groove mode, and then scales back to lite once again in the third pre-chorus, which provides engaging contrast. The song then launches back into full-groove mode once again in the fourth chorus, and remains in effect throughout the outro.

We Don’t Talk Anymore features four primary instrument types in the mix that shape its sound and vibe – guitars, bass, synths, and drums/percussion.

A fingerpicked acoustic guitar playing 16th note arpeggios is present in every section of the song. It is most prominent in the mix in the sections that feature the sparsest arrangement – the intro and the third pre-chorus. It imparts a Singer/Songwriter influence and is a prominent aspect of the song’s Pop vibe.

Electric guitar is featured in choruses 2, 3, & 4, the instrumental break, and the outro. It is palm muted, slightly overdriven, and plays a syncopated pattern that adds momentum to the sections in which it is featured. It also helps to put the Reggae/Tropical influence into effect.

The bass featured in We Don’t Talk Anymore is a remarkably deep sub bass. It has a very prominent low end and hardly any top end or attack. Despite being so present in the low end, it is never overbearing in the mix. It helps to put the Electropop and Dance/Club influences into effect, and is featured in the following sections:

• Verse 1 (X&Y)
• Pre-Chorus 1 (X&Y)
• Chorus 2, 3 & 4 (X&Y)
• Verse 2 (Y only)
• Pre-Chorus 2 (X only)
• Instrumental Break (X&Y)
• Outro (X&Y)

A plethora of synths are used in We Don’t Talk Anymore. They include vocal-based synths, leads, keyboards, mallets and more. They provide the song with its Electropop influence and their respective qualities are in tune with the current state of the mainstream music scene.

This synth has a vocal “ooh” texture, and is heavily processed with delay and reverb. It pops in and out of the mix in each section throughout the song, providing additional color and texture. Its character and timber are very much in line with today’s mainstream music scene.

The synth keyboard has a timbre similar to that of an electric piano, but more rounded and synthesized sounding. It plays block chords, which are sustained whole notes except in the third pre-chorus, where it plays a syncopated dotted quarter pattern. It appears in the following sections:

• Pre-chorus 1, 2 (X&Y)
• Pre-chorus 3 (Y only)
• Chorus 2 & 3 (Y only)
• Chorus 4 (X&Y)
• Instrumental break (X&Y)
• Outro (X&Y)

The mallets synth has a timbre like a marimba struck with hard mallets. It plays two distinct roles throughout the song:

Rolled chords

The rolled chords are played in the nature of a keyboard instrument, rolling up from the lowest note of the chord to the highest. The rolled chords appear in:

• Chorus 2 & 3 (Y only)
• Chorus 4 (X&Y)
• Pre-Chorus 2 (X only)
• Pre-Chorus 3 (Y only)
• Instrumental Break (X&Y)
• Outro (X&Y)

Syncopated, percussive groove

This part sounds like a more conventional, single-note marimba part playing a rhythmic, Reggae/Tropical influenced groove. It can be heard in:

• Chorus 2 & 3 (Y only)
• Chorus 4 (X&Y)
• Instrumental Break (X&Y)
• Outro (X&Y)

This lead synth has a vocal characteristic, similar in timbre to the synths found in other recent Top 10 hits such as Major Lazer’s “Lean On” featuring MO, and Seeb’s remix of Mike Posner’s “I Took a Pill in Ibiza.” It has an exotic, “snaking” vibe, recalling sounds of flutes in the Middle East, which provides the song with an additional World influence. It is featured only in the instrumental break and outro.

The string pluck has a timbre similar to that of a pizzicato violin, and is processed with reverb and a hint of vibrato. It is low in the mix and works rhythmically in conjunction with the synth clave. It is in effect in every section of the song, beginning with the second half of chorus 1.

The synth clave has a very percussive timbre, similar in timbre to a clave sound found on drum machines. It is processed with delay (with an apparent delay tail) and reverb. It works in conjunction with the string pluck in every section of the song beginning in the second half of chorus 1 except for the first half of pre-chorus 3 where it is pulled out.

Airy synth swells are implemented as transitional elements in the following sections:

• Chorus 1, 2, 3 & 4 (Part Y)
• Pre-Chorus 1, 2 & 3 (Part Y)
• Instrumental Break (Part Y)

This airy hit has a similar effect to that of a cymbal hit, but with much longer decay. It is heard in the following sections:

• Chorus 2, 3 & 4 (X&Y)
• Instrumental Break (X&Y)
• Outro (X&Y)

The electronic kick used in We Don’t Talk Anymore is thick and punchy, and plays a four-on-the-floor beat, which provides the song with a Dance/Club influence. It is featured in the following sections:

• Verse 1 & 2 (X&Y)
• Pre-Chorus 1 (X only)
• Chorus 2, 3 & 4 (X&Y)
• Instrumental Break (X&Y)
• Outro (X&Y)

The snare has a hybrid acoustic/electronic quality, with ample hi-end “snare” sound, but not a lot of midrange body. It accentuates the groove and functions in the manner of a transitional element as well, playing a fill sometimes along with the tom. It can be heard as part of the groove in the following sections:

• Chorus 2, 3 & 4 (X&Y)
• Verse 2 (Y only)
• Pre-Chorus 2 (X only)
• Instrumental Break (X&Y)
• Outro (X&Y)

It’s heard as a fill at the end of each pre-chorus section.

A low-pitched, relatively dry acoustic tom is heard in conjunction with the snare in the following cross-section transitional fills:

• Pre-Chorus – Chorus
• Verse 2 – Pre-Chorus 2
• Chorus 3 – Instrumental Break
• Chorus 4 – Outro

Dry, relatively subtle acoustic claps are featured throughout the song. They are present in every section of the song save for the third pre-chorus, mainly playing on beats 2 & 4.

The electronic hi hats play a glitchy pattern, which provides the song with a subtle Trap influence. This further accentuates the song’s relevance in the current mainstream music scene. Electronic hi hats are featured in the following sections:

• Pre-Chorus 1 & 2 (X only)
• Chorus 2, 3 & 4 (X&Y)
• Verse 1 (X&Y)
• Instrumental Break (X&Y)
• Outro (X&Y)

A low-level, small shaker similar in timbre to an egg shaker provides additional texture and ups the momentum in the following sections:

• Chorus 3 & 4 (X&Y)
• Instrumental Break (X&Y)
• Outro (X&Y)

A reverse cymbal sound is utilized as a transitional element throughout the song. It is heard on its own in the following sections:

• Pre-Chorus 1, 2 & 3 (X only)
• Chorus 4 (X only)

And in conjunction with the synth swell in:

• Chorus 1, 2, 3 & 4 (Part Y)
• Pre-Chorus 1, 2 & 3 (Part Y)
• Instrumental Break (Part Y)

An electronic cymbal with medium-short decay is heard punctuating the following sections on its own:

• Pre-Chorus 1, 2 & 3 (X&Y)

And in conjunction with the “airy” synth hit in:

• Chorus 2, 3 & 4 (X&Y)
• Instrumental Break (X&Y)
• Outro (X&Y)
  

• Acoustic Guitar: (Finger picked arpeggiated chords – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Drums + Perc: (Claps – Level: Mid-Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 1 – Vocal Pad: (Modulated, vocal-sounding synth; processed with reverb and delay – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.

• Acoustic Guitar: (Same as part X – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Drums + Perc: (Same as part X – Level: Mid-Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 1 – Vocal Pad: (Same as part X – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• **Synth 2 – Keyboard: (Subtle, filtered block chords – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• **Synth 5 – String Pluck: (Single-note pluck on beat 1 every other bar – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• **Synth 6 – Synth Clave: (Single note synth clave effected with delay – Level: Mid-Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• **Synth 7 – Swell: (Airy synth swell – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• **Reverse Cymbal: (Subtle swell during first two beats of last bar – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.

*Indicates a new or significantly changed up instrument in the mix compared to the preceding section
**Indicates the first appearance of an instrument in the mix

From Q1-2016 to Q3-2016 (January – September), only two of the songs that landed in the Top 10 of the Hot 100 immediately kicked off with the chorus – This Is What You Came For (Calvin Harris featuring Rihanna) and We Don’t Talk Anymore.

The first chorus is 8 bars long and consists of two 4-bar parts/stanzas, which are denoted as parts X and Y. It is the most differentiated of all four of the song’s choruses due to its sparse characteristics.

Following the two-beat “we don’t talk anymore” solo vocal lead-in from Puth, finger-picked arpeggiated acoustic guitar enters the mix coupled with acoustic claps that sound on beats 2 and 4 throughout the majority of the section. The guitar, along with the tender, fragile characteristics of Puth’s delivery, jibes with and accentuates the downtrodden “we don’t talk anymore” lyrics. Additionally, the characteristics of the guitar provides the song with a Singer/Songwriter type vibe.

In the fourth bar, the Synth 1 Vocal Pad enters the mix, sounding twice in a consecutive manner. Its modulating, breathy vocal characteristics provide additional color and texture, as well as accentuate the tender, somber vibe of the section.

In the second half of the section, part Y, the core accompaniment from part X remains in effect coupled with the addition of a warm synth keyboard playing sustained whole-notes, synth string plucks, and a synth clave hit. These new elements provide additional subtle color and texture while remaining in tune with the somber, tender vibe of the section.

Transition Point (Intro into Verse 1): In bar 7, an airy synth swell effect enters the mix coupled with a reverse cymbal effect on the last two beats that effectively “sucks” the listener into the verse that follows. Note that the claps are pulled during the last two beats, which thins out the accompaniment. Although it’s subtle, it helps to provide the verse that follows with greater impact when it hits. Also, during the last two beats Puth’s “I just heard you” vocal lead-in to the ensuing verse enters the mix, with the verse commencing on the lyric “found.”

• Acoustic Guitar: (Same as intro – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• **Bass: (Warm sub bass – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Drums + Perc: (Kick, four-on-the-floor – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 5 – String Pluck: (Single-note pluck on beat 1 every other bar – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 6 – Synth Clave: (Single note synth clave effected with delay – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.

Everything in Part X with the following additions:

• *Drums + Perc: (Claps added on beats 2 & 4 – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Synth 1 – Vocal Pad: (Same as intro – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.

*Indicates a new or significantly changed up instrument in the mix compared to the preceding section
**Indicates the first appearance of an instrument in the mix

Verse 1 is 8 bars long and consists of two 4-bar parts/stanzas, which are denoted as parts X and Y.

The acoustic guitar from the preceding chorus remains in effect in the first verse, which provides both instrumental and influencer (Singer/Songwriter) cross-section continuity. The synth string pluck and synth clave remain in effect as well, which provide subtle color and texture.

The claps, vocal pad synth, and keyboard synth from the preceding chorus are NOT in effect in the first half of the verse section. This provides subtle, but noticeable cross-section contrast.

The biggest changeup compared to the preceding chorus is the addition of the four-on-the-floor kick and sub bass. Both instruments ramp up the momentum and intensity of the song, and put its Dance/Club and Electropop influences into effect as well.

The core instrumental elements of part X remain in effect in the second half of the section, part Y, which provides in-section continuity.

The claps and the vocal pad synth, both of which play a role in the preceding chorus but were omitted from the mix in the first half of the verse, make a return appearance in the second half of the section. Their addition provides color, texture, and subtle in-section contrast, which ultimately accentuates the engagement value of the section.

Transition Point (Verse 1 into Pre-Chorus 1): The accompaniment from the verse carries over into the pre-chorus in a seamless manner, save for the cymbal hit that signals the transition point between the two sections.

• Acoustic Guitar: (Same as the verse – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Bass: (Warm sub bass – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Drums + Perc: (Kick & claps carry over, hi hat added) – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 5 – String Pluck: (Same as verse – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 6 – Synth Clave: (Same as verse – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 1 – Vocal Pad: (Same as verse – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Synth 2 – Keyboard: (Subtle round chords – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• **Cymbal Hit: (Onset of section, airy, medium-short decay – Level: Mid-Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Reverse Cymbal: (Subtle swell during last two beats of last bar – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.

• Acoustic Guitar: (Same as the part X, drops out for drum fill – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Drums + Perc: (Kick & hi hat removed, claps remain, snare/tom fill at end of section) – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 5 – String Pluck: (Same as part X – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 6 – Synth Clave: (Same as part X – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Cymbal Hit: (Onset of section, airy, medium-short decay – Level: Mid-Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 2 – Keyboard: (Same as part X – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Synth 7 –Swell: (Begins half way through section, cuts off 2 beats before chorus – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Reverse Cymbal: (Subtle swell during first two beats of last bar – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.

*Indicates a new or significantly changed up instrument in the mix compared to the preceding section
**Indicates the first appearance of an instrument in the mix

Pre-chorus 1 is 8 bars long and consists of two 4-bar parts/stanzas, which are denoted as parts X and Y. The first half of the section features similar accompaniment characteristics to the preceding verse. However, the second half of the section features a breakdown/sparse characteristic, which is similar to that of the first chorus.

The core accompaniment from the preceding verse remains in effect in part X of the pre-chorus, which provides cross-section continuity.

There are few changeups in part X which provide subtle cross-section contrast:

Rapid-fire hi hats: Sound on beat 4 of measures 1 and 2. In addition to providing subtle increased color and texture, it, along with the sub bass, provides the section with an underlying, subtle Trap vibe. This further puts the song in-tune with the current state of the mainstream music scene.

Low-level keyboard: Provides the section with additional subtle texture and fills out the chord progression.

Vocal Pad: While the vocal pad from the verse remains in effect, it now sounds toward the end of beat 1 in measures 1 – 4 as opposed to beat 4 as in the verse. The new placement helps to accentuate the overall tension of the section, and also accentuates the impact of the background vocal at the end of each line, which it sounds in tandem with.

Line 1: Don’t wan-na know
Line 2: Kind-a dress you’re wea-rin’ to-night
Line 3: If he’s hold-in’ on to you so tight
Line 4: The way I did be-fore

A major shift takes place in the accompaniment in the second half of the section, part Y. Ushered in by a reverse cymbal swell/cymbal hit, part Y features a breakdown characteristic, reverting back to the sparse characteristics of part Y of the first chorus. This shift achieves the following:

• It provides engaging in-section (and cross-section) accompaniment contrast.
• It provides engaging in-section (and cross-section) dynamic contrast.
• The breakdown/sparse characteristic accentuates the impact of the high-energy, full accompaniment chorus that follows.

The acoustic guitar, claps, synth string pluck, synth clave and keyboard. Note that all of these elements are featured in part Y of the first chorus.

The kick, sub bass and hi hats are all removed from the mix in part Y. As a result, the Dance/Club vibe is diminished, and the Trap influence is completely done away with.

An “airy” synth swell effect enters on the third beat of the third measure. It increases in prominence as the section progresses and then abruptly cuts off 2 beats before the onset of the chorus. It acts in the manner of a transitional effect, and also provides the section with its sole Electropop influence (remember – the sub bass in part X is not effect in part Y).

A reverse cymbal swell enters the mix as well, working in tandem with the synth swell during the first two beats of the last measure to put the transition into motion.

Transition Point (Pre-Chorus 1 into Chorus 2): Following the aforementioned swells, the full accompaniment is pulled during the third beat of the last measure, which puts a brief transitional lull effect at the onset of Puth’s “we don’t talk anymore” vocal lead-in to the chorus. This is followed by a simple snare/tom fill, which ushers in the chorus coupled with an “airy” synth hit at the onset of the section, which decays in the first two measures.

• Acoustic Guitar: (Same as the pre-chorus – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• **Electric Guitar: (Palm-muted, syncopated, slightly overdriven – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Bass: (Warm sub bass – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Drums + Perc: (Kick, snare, clap & hi hat) – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Cymbal Hit: (Onset of section, airy, medium-short decay – Level: Mid-Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• **Synth 8 – Airy Hit: (Single hit at onset of section airy, long decay – Level: Mid-Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 1 – Vocal Pad: (Same as pre-chorus  – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 5 – String Pluck: (Same as pre-chorus – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 6 – Synth Clave: (Same as pre-chorus – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.

Everything in Part X with the following additions:

• Synth 2 – Keyboard: (Subtle round chords – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• **Synth 3 – Mallets: (Rolled chords and syncopated pattern – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.

*Indicates a new or significantly changed up instrument in the mix compared to the preceding section
**Indicates the first appearance of an instrument in the mix

The second chorus is 8 bars long and consists of two 4-bar parts/stanzas, which are denoted as parts X and Y. In contrast to the sparse characteristics of the first chorus and the preceding second half of the pre-chorus, this chorus features the fullest accompaniment in the song thus far, and the highest overall energy level.

The core instruments from the breakdown second half of the preceding pre-chorus – acoustic guitar arpeggio, claps, synth pluck and clave – remain in effect in the second chorus. However, note that these instruments are lower in the mix compared to the preceding chorus due to the new instrumental additions (see below).

The second chorus reintroduces the following instrumental elements that were featured in the first half of the preceding pre-chorus but omitted from the second half:

• Four-on-the-floor kick
• Sub bass
• Rapid-fire hi hats
• Vocal pad synth

Additionally, electric guitar and snare are added into the mix for the first time in the song – sounding on beats 2 and 4. The addition of these instruments and pattern changeups compared to the preceding sections puts the song’s Tropical/Dance groove into effect, coupled with the underlying Singer/Songwriter, Electropop and Trap influences. The switch to more heavily syncopated rhythms, more filled out instrumentation, and the snare back beat create a stronger, heavier groove with more momentum.

With the accompaniment from the first half of the section (part X) remaining in effect, the following two instruments are added into the mix in the second half (part Y):

Airy Synth Hit/Cymbal Hit: These two elements sound on beat 1 of part Y, signaling the beginning of the second stanza.

Synth Keyboard: Although at a relatively low level in the mix, the keyboard further fills out the sonic landscape and adds additional subtle texture.

Synth Mallets: Rolled synth mallets with a marimba timbre sound on the first beat of each measure. The provide the section both with additional color and a subtle tenderness vibe.

Transition Point (Chorus 2 into Verse 2): An airy synth swell effect enters the mix in the third bar which puts the transition into the verse that follows into effect. The accompaniment thins out during beats 2 and 3 of the chorus due to the drums/percussion and bass being pulled from the mix, and the bass reenters on beat 4 coupled with a snare/tom fill that ushers in the second verse.

• Acoustic Guitar: (Same as the chorus – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Drums/Perc: (Kick, Hi hat – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 5 – String Pluck: (Same as chorus – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 6 – Synth Clave: (Same as chorus – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.

Everything in Part X with the following additions:

• Bass: (Warm sub bass – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Drums/Perc: (Part X plus claps and snare; snare/tom fill at end – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 1 – Vocal Pad: (Same as chorus  – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.

*Indicates a new or significantly changed up instrument in the mix compared to the preceding section

Verse 2 is 8 bars long and consists of two 4 bar parts/stanzas, which are denoted as parts X and Y. It features both similarities and differences with the chorus that precedes it, as well as the first verse in the song.

The first half of the second verse features the same driving four-on-the-floor kick as the first verse and the preceding chorus, as well as the synth pluck and synth clave. As a result, the song remains in motion, and the Dance vibe is kept in effect.  However, there are two notable omissions and additions:

Omission: The synth bass has been omitted from the mix. As a result, the section features a slightly lower intensity level, and the thinned out accompaniment along with the lead vocal switching to Gomez as opposed to Puth provides engaging like-section contrast. Compared to the preceding chorus, the thinned out accompaniment heightens the engagement factor of the song due to the contrast imparted.

Addition/Carryover: The first half of the second verse features the rapid-fire hi hat, which was in effect in the preceding chorus but NOT the first verse. As a result, it’s addition provides additional, albeit subtle, like-section contrast. Note that the hats also keep the song’s subtle Trap influence in play as well.

The second half of the section features the same core characteristics as the second half of the first verse, with one notable addition. Snare has been added to the mix, sounding on beats 2 and 4. This both provides engaging like-section contrast, as well as ups the intensity factor of the song.

Transition Point (Verse 2 into Pre-Chorus 2): The same type of snare/tom fill that was used to transition the first pre-chorus into the first chorus is utilized to transition the second verse into the second pre-chorus. Note that this fill was NOT utilized to transition the first verse into the first pre-chorus due to the snare not being featured in the mix in either section.

• Acoustic Guitar: (Same as the preceding section – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Bass: (Warm sub bass – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Drums + Perc: (Same as the verse part Y – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Cymbal Hit: (Onset of section, airy, medium-short decay – Level: Mid-Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 1 – Vocal Pad: (Same as chorus – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Synth 2 – Keyboard: (Sustained, syncopated chords – Level: Low ) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Synth 3 – Mallets: (Brittle, thin, rolled chords – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 5 – String Pluck: (Same as verse – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 6 – Synth Clave: (Same as verse – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Reverse Cymbal: (Subtle swell during first two beats of last bar – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.

• Acoustic Guitar: (Same as part X, drops out for drum fill  – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Drums + Perc: (Only claps until snare/tom fill at end of section – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 2 – Keyboard: (Same as part X – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Cymbal Hit: (Onset of section, airy, medium-short decay – Level: Mid-Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 5 – String Pluck: (Same as part X – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 6 – Synth Clave: (Same as part X – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Synth 7 – Swell: (Airy synth swell for last two bars; cuts off for drum fill– Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Reverse Cymbal: (Subtle swell during first two beats of last bar – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.

*Indicates a new or significantly changed up instrument in the mix compared to the preceding section

Pre-chorus 2 is 8 bars long and consists of two 4-bar parts/stanzas, which are denoted as parts X and Y. As is the case between pre-chorus 1 and verse 1, the first half of the second pre-chorus retains the same core accompaniment elements as the preceding verse plus a couple of new additions. The second half features a thinned out accompaniment, which provides engaging in-section contrast.

Mallets: The rolled mallets, which were previously only featured in the second chorus, are featured on beat 1 in each measure in part X.

Keyboard: The electric piano-sounding keyboard is added into the mix.

The second half of the section (part Y) is in breakdown mode just as is the case with the second half of the first pre-chorus. However, there is one notable difference between the two. In the second pre-chorus, the electric piano-sounding keyboard is featured at a higher level in the mix. Although subtle, it provides additional color and texture as well as engaging like-section contrast.

Transition Point (Pre-Chorus 2 into Chorus 3): Essentially the same “chorus impact accentuator” swell/lull/fill technique that was used to transition the first pre-chorus into the first chorus is utilized here as well.

• Acoustic Guitar: (Same as the pre-chorus – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Electric Guitar: (Palm-muted, syncopated, slightly overdriven – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Bass: (Warm sub bass – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Drums + Perc: (Kick, snare, clap, hi hat, and shaker; snare/tom fill at end of part Y) – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Cymbal Hit: (Onset of section, airy, medium-short decay – Level: Mid-Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 2 – Keyboard: (Smooth, syncopated chords – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Synth 8 – Airy Hit: (Single hit at onset of section airy, long decay – Level: Mid-Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 1 – Vocal Pad: (Same as the preceding pre-chorus  – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 5 – String Pluck: (Same as the preceding pre-chorus – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 6 – Synth Clave: (Same as pre-chorus – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.

Everything in Part X with the following additions:

• *Synth 3 – Mallets: (Rolled chords and syncopated pattern – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 7 – Swell: (Airy synth swell for last two bars; cuts off for drum fill– Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.

*Indicates a new or significantly changed up instrument/vocal in the mix compared to the preceding section

The third chorus features essentially the same accompaniment characteristics as the second chorus.

Transition Point (Chorus 3 into the Instrumental Break): Essentially the same synth swell and snare/tom fill that was used to transition the second chorus into the second verse is utilized here as well. The primary difference is that the accompaniment doesn’t thin out – the driving groove remains in effect right into the ensuing instrumental break, which keeps the Dance/Club vibe in effect at a heightened level.

• Acoustic Guitar: (Same as the preceding chorus – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Electric Guitar: (Same as the preceding chorus – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Bass: (Same as the chorus – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Drums + Perc: (Same as the chorus) – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Cymbal Hit: (Onset of section, airy, medium-short decay – Level: Mid-Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 8 – Airy Hit: (Single hit at onset of section airy, long decay – Level: Mid-Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 1 – Vocal Pad: (Same as the preceding chorus – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 2 – Keyboard: (Smooth, syncopated chords – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 3 – Mallets: (Syncopated pattern – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 5 – String Pluck: (Same as the preceding chorus – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 6 – Synth Clave: (Same as the preceding chorus – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• **Synth 4 – Lead: (Snaking, “ooh” sounding synth lead – Level: Mid-High) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.

Everything in Part X with the following addition:

• Reverse Cymbal: (Subtle swell at the very end of the section – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 7 – Swell: (Airy synth swell at end of the section– Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.

*Indicates a new or significantly changed up instrument in the mix compared to the preceding section

In lieu of a bridge, the instrumental break “bridge surrogate” section provides the most pronounced sectional departure in the scope of the song. With the backing music of the preceding chorus serving as the accompaniment, a new lead synth is featured, which possesses an “ooh” vocal quality that is similar in timbre to the synths found in other recent Top 10 hits such as Major Lazer’s “Lean On” featuring MO, and Seeb’s remix of Mike Posner’s “I Took a Pill in Ibiza.” It has an exotic, “snaking” vibe, recalling sounds of flutes in the middle east, which provides the song with an additional World influence.

It features a repetitive A-A-A-B phrase structure in both parts/stanzas in the section. This, coupled with the simplicity of the progression and unique timbre thus far in the song, enables this hook to easily connect with the listener and get ingrained in their head.

Transition Point (Bridge to Pre-Chorus 3): The same snare/tom fill that is featured throughout the song is utilized to transition the instrumental break into the third pre-chorus.

• Acoustic Guitar: (Same as the preceding instrumental break, pulled out for drum fill at end of part Y – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Cymbal Hit: (Onset of section, airy, medium-short decay – Level: Mid-Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 8 – Airy Hit: (Single hit at onset of section airy, long decay – Level: Mid-Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 5 – String Pluck: (Same as the preceding instrumental break – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.

Everything in Part X with the following addition:

• Synth 1 – Vocal Pad: (Same as the preceding instrumental break  – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 2 – Keyboard: (Smooth, syncopated chords – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 6 – Synth Clave: (Same as the preceding chorus – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 7 – Swell: (Airy synth swell for last two bars; cuts off for drum fill– Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Reverse Cymbal: (Subtle swell during first two beats of last bar – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Drums + Perc: (Claps, snare/tom fill at end of section – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.

*Indicates a new or significantly changed up instrument in the mix compared to the preceding section

Following the full accompaniment and sustained intensity of the back-to-back chorus 3 and instrumental break sections, the listener is provided with a pronounced respite in the third pre-chorus. This provides an additional departure in addition to the preceding instrumental break.

In contrast to the other pre-chorus sections which only feature a breakdown in the second half of the section (part Y), here in the third pre-chorus the breakdown is instituted from the get-go.

Part X

Part X features the sparsest arrangement in the entire song, consisting solely of acoustic guitar arpeggio, synth plucks, and Puth’s vocal. The pronounced contrast compared to the preceding instrumental break and chorus takes the engagement factor of the song to a heightened level as a result.

Part Y

In the second half of the section the reverse of what transpires in the other pre-choruses takes place. Here, the accompaniment fills out due to the addition of the vocal synth, electric piano synth and mallets into the mix. However, note that the overall section remains in breakdown mode compared to the full sections of the song.

Transition Point (Pre-Chorus 3 into Chorus 4): Essentially the same “chorus impact accentuator” swell/lull/fill technique that was used to transition the first two pre-choruses into choruses 2 and 3. The primary difference is that the vocal pad synth is sustained during the lull.

• Acoustic Guitar: (Same as the instrumental break – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Bass: (Same as the instrumental break – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Electric Guitar: (Same as the instrumental break – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Drums + Perc: (Same as the instrumental break, snare/tom fill at end of part Y) – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Cymbal Hit: (Single hit at onset of section, airy, medium-short decay – Level: Mid-Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Synth 8 – Airy Hit: (Single hit at onset of section airy, long decay – Level: Mid-Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 1 – Vocal Pad: (Same as the instrumental break – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 2 – Keyboard: (Smooth, syncopated chords – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 3 – Mallets: (Rolled chords and  syncopated pattern – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 5 – String Pluck: (Same as the preceding pre-chorus – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 6 – Synth Clave: (Same as the preceding pre-chorus – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Reverse Cymbal: (Subtle swell at the end of the section – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.

Everything in Part X with the following addition:

• Synth 7 – Swell: (Airy synth swell at end of the section– Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.

*Indicates a new or significantly changed up instrument/vocal in the mix compared to the preceding section

The fourth (and last) chorus in the song features essentially the same accompaniment characteristics as the third chorus, with the primary difference being that the rolled mallets are in effect right from the get-go as opposed to entering only in the second half of the section.

Transition Point (Chorus 4 into the Outro): The same transition as the third chorus into the instrumental break.

• Acoustic Guitar: (Same as the instrumental break – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Bass: (Same as the instrumental break – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Electric Guitar: (Same as the instrumental break – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Drums + Perc: (Same as the preceding chorus) – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Cymbal Hit: (Single hit every four bars, airy, medium-short decay – Level: Mid-Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 8 – Airy Hit: (Single hit at onset of section airy, long decay – Level: Mid-Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 1 – Vocal Pad: (Same as the instrumental break – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 2 – Keyboard: (Smooth, syncopated chords – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 3 – Mallets: (Rolled chords and  syncopated pattern – Level: Mid) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 5 – String Pluck: (Same as the preceding pre-chorus – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Synth 6 – Synth Clave: (Same as the preceding pre-chorus – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• Reverse Cymbal: (Subtle swell at the end of the section – Level: Low) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.
• *Synth 4 – Lead: (Snaking, “ooh”-sounding synth lead – Level: Mid-High) Primary placement in the mix: 12:00.

Everything in Part X

*Indicates a new or significantly changed up instrument/vocal in the mix compared to the preceding section

The outro features essentially the same accompaniment characteristics as the instrumental break section, including the lead synth.

At the end of the outro, a snare/tom fills enters the mix, which infers that the section might continue on. Instead, the accompaniment cuts off abruptly in conjunction with the lyric “more,” with the last delay processed perc hit ringing out and decaying over the course of a bar. As a result, this “false ending” leaves the listener hanging, and hopefully wanting more.

We Don’t Talk Anymore features a host of different vocal characteristics throughout the song. Among them are solo male (Charlie Puth), solo female (Selena Gomez),  harmonized lead (Puth and Gomez), harmonized background in conjunction with the lead, and harmonized background independent of the lead. Multiple effects are employed as well, including varying degrees of reverb and delay, a vocoder effect, and a telephone / answering machine type effect. The manner in which these disparate characteristics interact throughout the song takes We Don’t Talk Anymore’s overall impact to a heightened level.

• Solo Lead 1: Solo Male – Minimally Processed
• Solo Lead 1: Solo Male – Effected with a heavier degree of reverb and delay
• Solo Lead 2: Solo Female – Effected with a moderate amount of reverb and delay
• Harmonized Lead: Gomez is the primary vocal in the mix, Puth is secondary
• Harmonized Lead: Gomez and Puth are near equal in the mix
• *Harmonized Lead: Puth is the primary vocal in the mix, Gomez speaks the title line with an “answering machine” processed type effect.

• Background Harmony 1: Heavily effected with reverb and delay – Moderate in the mix in conjunction with the lead
• Background Harmony 1: Heavily effected with reverb and delay – Prominent in the mix in conjunction with the lead
• Background Harmony 2: Low-level, minimally processed

• Independent Background: Harmonized vocoder effect
• Independent Background: “Hey” shouts – processed with ample reverb

Line 1: We don’t talk an-y-more
Line 2: We don’t talk an-y-more
Line 3: We don’t talk an-y-more
Line 4: Like we used to do

Line 5: We don’t love an-y-more
Line 6: What was all of it for (ooh)
Line 7: We don’t talk an-y-more
Line 8: Like we used to do

The first chorus features minimally processed solo male vocals from Puth. Their intimate, tender, and personal characteristics jibe with and accentuate the downtrodden nature of the lyrics.

Line 1: I just heard you found the one you’ve been look-in’, you’ve been look-in’ for
Line 2: I wish I would have known that was-n’t me

Line 3: ‘Cause e-ven af-ter all this time I still won-der, why I can’t move on
Line 4: Just the way you did so eas-i-ly

The first verse also features solo male lead vocals from Puth. However, in contrast to the preceding chorus, it features a higher degree of processing – specifically reverb and delay. This, along with his more animated, passionate delivery, provides engaging contrast relative to the chorus while accentuating the hurt and frustration conveyed in the lyrics.

Line 1: Don’t wan-na know
Line 2: Kind-a dress you’re wea-rin’ to-night
Line 3: If he’s hold-in’ on to you so tight
Line 4: The way I did be-fore

Line 5: I o-ver-dosed
Line 6: Should-a known your love was a game
Line 7: Now I can’t get you out of my brain
Line 8: Ooh it’s such a shame

The first pre-chorus features the same core lead vocal characteristics as the preceding verse. However, heavily effected, harmonized background vocals double the lead on lines 1 and 5, as well as the last lyric on the other lines save for line 8. This both provides the section with increased color and engagement value, as well as accentuates the impact of the rhymes due to the vocal characteristic commonality.

Notice that the prominence of the background vocals is greatest in the first stanza/part X, and diminishes in the second. They’re completely removed on the last line of the section, line 8, prior to the onset of the chorus.

Line 1: We don’t talk an-y-more (Hey)
Line 2: We don’t talk an-y-more
Line 3: We don’t talk an-y-more
Line 4: Like we used to do

Line 5: We don’t love an-y-more (Hey)
Line 6: What was all of it for (ooh)
Line 7: We don’t talk an-y-more (Hey)
Line 8: Like we used to do

The second chorus features the same minimally processed, intimate, tender vocals from Puth as the first chorus. However, low-level harmony is added on lines 4 through 8, which provides the lead with a full, lush character, and provides engaging contrast compared to the first three lines in the section.

Background “hey” shouts, which are processed with ample reverb, are heard at the end of lines 1, 5 and 7.

Line 1: I just hope you’re ly-in’ (Hey) next to some-bod-y, who knows how to love you like me
Line 2: There must be a good rea-son that you’re gone

Line 3: Ev-’ry now and then I think you might want me to come show up at your door
Line 4: But I’m just too a-fraid that I’ll be wrong

In contrast to the preceding sections which all feature solo male lead vocals from Puth, the second verse marks the first appearance of solo female lead vocals via Selena Gomez. Her vocals are processed with a moderate amount of delay and reverb throughout the section.

Low/mid-level harmony that is moderately processed with reverb and delay is added toward the end of lines 1, 2, and 4, as well as throughout the majority of line 3. Its addition provides the vocal with accentuated color and texture, and the interaction with the non-harmonized lead provides the section with a heightened degree of engagement value.

A single background “hey” shout is heard following the lyric “lyin’” on line 1.

Line 1: Don’t wan-na know
Line 2: If you’re look-in’ into her eyes
Line 3: If she’s hold-in’ on to you so tight
Line 4: The way I did be-fore

Line 5: I o-ver-dosed
Line 6: Should-a known your love was a game
Line 7: Now I can’t get you out of my brain
Line 8: Ooh it’s such a shame

The second pre-chorus features similar lead and harmony vocal characteristics as the first pre-chorus, with the primary difference being that the lead vocals are delivered by Gomez as opposed to Puth. They’re composed of a combination of pronounced, effected harmony (bold green font), lower-level harmony (non-bold), and solo vocals from Gomez (blue font).

Line 1: That we don’t talk an-y-more (Hey) (We don’t we don’t)
Line 2: We don’t talk an-y-more (We don’t we don’t)
Line 3: We don’t talk an-y-more
Line 4: Like we used to do

Line 5: We don’t love an-y-more (Hey) (We don’t we don’t)
Line 6: What was all of it for (Ooh) (We don’t we don’t)
Line 7: We don’t talk an-y-more (Hey)
Line 8: Like we used to do

The third chorus features two distinct vocal characteristics that make their first appearance thus far in the song:

• With the exception of the first lyric, “that,” which features a solo Puth lead vocal, the lead vocals throughout the section are a harmonized duet between Puth and Gomez. Gomez is the primary vocalist throughout the majority of the section, except on the lyrics “do” at the end of each stanza and the nonsense “ooh” at the end of line 6.
• Independent background vocals are implemented at the end of lines 1, 2, 5, and 6. They’re heavily processed with a harmonized vocoder effect, and repeat the lyrics “we don’t, we don’t.”

The interaction between the lead and background vocals provide the section with an engaging call and response characteristic, coupled with an underlying Funk vibe a la Daft Punk’s Get Lucky.

Background “hey” shouts are featured in the same manner as the second chorus, following the lead vocal at the end of lines 1, 5, and 7.

Line 1: Like we used to do (Hey)

The sole lead vocal line in the instrumental break section is sung by Puth. Its processed with a much higher degree of reverb compared to his other lead vocals thus far in the song.

Background “hey” shouts are heard throughout the section.

Line 1: Don’t wan-na know
Line 2: Kind-a dress you’re wear-in’ to-night
Line 3: If he’s giv-in’ it to you just right
Line 4: The way I did bef–ore

Line 5: I o-ver-dosed
Line 6: Should-a known your love was a game
Line 7: Now I can’t get you out of my brain
Line 8: Ooh it’s such a shame

The third pre-chorus is unique compared to pre-choruses 1 and 2 in that it features an engaging duet between Puth and Gomez. The first stanza/part X features Puth’s lead vocals, which are processed with a moderate amount of reverb and delay. The second syllable in the last lyric of the stanza – “-ore” – features background vocal harmony.

The second stanza features Gomez’s lead vocals on lines 5 – 7. The last lyric on line 7, “brain,” features the same type of background harmony as line 4 in part X. Instead of Gomez closing out the section, Puth returns on line 8, which features the same vocal characteristics as the part X/stanza 1.

Line 1: That we don’t talk an-y-more (Hey) (We don’t we don’t)
Line 2: We don’t talk an-y-more (We don’t we don’t)
Line 3: We don’t talk an-y-more
Line 4: Like we used to do

Line 5: We don’t love an-y-more (Hey) (We don’t we don’t)
Line 6: What was all of it for (Ooh) (We don’t we don’t)
Line 7: We don’t talk an-y-more (Hey)
Line 8: Like we used to do

The fourth (and last) chorus in the song features essentially the same vocal characteristics as the third chorus. The primary difference is that Puth and Gomez are featured at relatively the same level in the mix. As a result, the harmonized lead possesses a more intense characteristic than the third chorus, which is a bit more subdued due to Gomez being the most prominent vocalist in the mix.

Background “hey” shouts are featured in the same manner as the second and third choruses, following the lead vocal at the end of lines 1, 5, and 7.

Line 1: We don’t talk an-y-more (Hey)/ (Don’t wan-na know)
Line 2: (Kind-a dress you’re wear-in’ to-night) Oh-oh
Line 3: (If he’s hold-in’ onto you so tight) (Hey) Oh-oh
Line 4: The way I did before

Line 5: We don’t talk an-y-more (Hey) / (I o-ver-dosed)
Line 6: (Should-a known your love was a game) Oh-oh
Line 7: (Now I can’t get you out of my brain) (Hey) Woah-oh
Line 8: Ooh it’s such a shame
Line 9: That we don’t talk an-y-more

The outro features vocal characteristics culled from the pre-chorus and chorus sections. All three primary vocal types are featured – Puth, Gomez, and the vocoder background vocals.

• Puth/Vocoder Combo: The first line in both parts/stanzas (lines 1 and 5) feature Puth’s solo “we don’t talk anymore” in tandem with the vocoder delivered “don’t wanna know” (line 1) and “I overdosed” (line 5). Note, however, that Puth’s vocals are dominant in the mix.
• Vocoder Solo: The vocoder effect is present in a solo manner delivering the pre-chorus lyrics on lines 2, 3, 6, and 7.
• Puth Solo: Puth sings the nonsense “oh-oh” and “whoah-oh” vocals at the end of lines 2, 3, 6, and 7.
• Gomez Solo: Gomez’s harmonized vocals are featured at the end of both parts/stanzas, on lines 4 and 8.
• *Puth/Gomez Harmony: The last line in the song, line 9, features the title sung by Puth in the same manner that he sings it in the first and second chorus. However, low level spoken vocals from Gomez double his lead. They’re spoken, heavily processed, and possess a “telephone voice” type of effect.
• Background “hey” shouts: Featured on lines 1, 3, 5 and 7.

Together, the combination and interaction of all of these disparate vocal characteristics brings the song to a conclusion in a highly infectious, engaging, and memorable manner.

Begins on F#4 and ends on the same pitch.

Begins a minor third higher on A4 and ends on F#4.

Begins a fifth lower on B3 and ends on the same pitch.

Begins a fifth higher on F#4 and ends on the same pitch.

Begins a minor third higher on A4 and ends on F#4.

Begins a fifth lower on B3 and ends on the same pitch.

Begins a fifth higher on F#4 and ends on the same pitch.

Begins a fourth lower on C#4 and ends on F#4.

Begins a fifth lower on B3 and ends on the same pitch.

Begins a fifth higher on F#4 and ends on the same pitch.

Begins on F#4 and ends a fourth lower on C#4.

Line 1: We don’t talk an-y-more
Line 2: We don’t talk an-y-more
Line 3: We don’t talk an-y-more
Line 4: Like we used to do

Line 5: We don’t love an-y-more
Line 6: What was all of it for (ooh)
Line 7: We don’t talk an-y-more
Line 8: Like we used to do

High: B4
Low: C#4

Parts Structure:

Part X: 1 / 1 / 1 / 2
Part Y: 1 / 1 / 3 – 1 / 2

As is typically the case in chart-topping hits, the chorus features the most straight-forward and repetitive melodic structure in the scope of the song. As a result, this is the section that most easily connects and resonates with the listener.

Each part/stanza consists of four lines, the first three of which possess an almost identical melody and rhythm, and are segmented from one another via a half-rest. As a result, each line easily gets ingrained in the listener’s head. The last line provides an infectious departure via Puth’s melismatic delivery of the lyrics “to do.”

The second part/stanza features the same melodic and rhythmic characteristics as the first, save for one brief nonsense vocal addition at the end of line 6.

Line 1: We don’t talk an-y-more
Line 2: We don’t talk an-y-more
Line 3: We don’t talk an-y-more
Line 4: Like we used to do

Part 1:  “We don’t talk an-y-more”

Each of the first three lines in the first stanza/part X of the chorus is composed of part 1. They each feature an almost identical melodic and rhythmic structure, but possess subtle yet important differences as well. For this reason, each is provided with part 1a and 1b classifications accordingly.

Segment 1: “We don’t talk”

Each line begins in the same manner with an F# – G# – G# progression consisting of a sixteenth – eighth – eighth-note rhythm.

Segment 2: “an-y-more”

Each line ends in ALMOST the same manner. Line 1 concludes with an all sixteenth note descent from F# – E down to the tonic, C#, which provides resolution in the song title statement. Line 2 is the same except that it concludes a step higher, on D#. This creates tension and anticipation for what comes next and provides engaging, albeit subtle, melodic contrast.

Line 3 features the same melodic progression as line 1 (i.e. it descends down to the tonic), and features the same rhythm EXCEPT at the very end. Instead of the last note possessing a sixteenth note value and being followed by a half-rest, it is sustained for a dotted half note and is NOT followed by a rest. As a result, the listener is seamlessly transitioned into line 4 that follows.

The similar melodic and rhythmic structure of lines 1, 2 and 3 reinforces the song title in the listener’s head in an infectious and engaging manner. However, the subtle differences prevent the 3x repetition from becoming overly monotonous. Additionally, the half rest that follows lines 1 and 2 provides ample time for the song title hook sink in and resonate with the listener.

Part 2: “Like we used to do” 

The last line in the first stanza/part X – line 4 – features a differentiated melody and rhythm compared to the first three lines that precede it. As a result, it is provided with a part 2 classification.

Segment 1: “Like we used”

The first segment on line 4 features a dotted eighth – dotted eighth – quarter note rhythm, which is noticeably slower than lines 1, 2 and 3. It begins where line 3 left off, on the tonic (C#), and then progresses stepwise C# – D# up to E.

Segment 2: “to do”

The second segment in line 4 brings the first stanza/part X to a conclusion in a highly infectious manner. It begins with a pronounced leap up a fifth to B on the lyric “to,” which is the highest pitch in the section. The balance of the segment features an infectiously prolonged melisma on the lyrics “to” and “do”:

• “To”: Stretched across three descending pitches (B – A – G#) for the duration of a quarter note (eighth – sixteenth – sixteenth).
• “Do”: Stretched across two descending pitches (G# – F#) for the duration of a quarter note (eighth – eighth).

Line 5: We don’t love an-y-more
Line 6: What was all of it for (ooh)
Line 7: We don’t talk an-y-more
Line 8: Like we used to do

The second stanza/part Y features the same melodic and rhythmic structure as the first stanza/part X, with one notable exception:

PART 3: “oh-oh”

Following the eighth rest at the end of line 2, Puth sings the nonsense “oo-ooh” lyrics in a melismatic fashion, consisting of an F# – G# progression with a quarter – eighth note rhythm. Although subtle, its addition provides the section with an additional infectious quality while preventing both stanzas/parts from coming across in a monotonous cookie-cutter type manner.

Line 1: I just heard you found the one you’ve been look-in’, you’ve been look-in’ for
Line 2: I wish I would have known that was-n’t me

Line 3: ‘Cause e-ven af-ter all this time I still won-der, why I can’t move on
Line 4: Just the way you did so eas-i-ly

High: B4
Low: B3

Parts Structure:

Part X: 1 – 2 – 2 / 2 – 3
Part Y: 1 – 2 – 2 / 2 – 3

Both stanzas of the first verse (denoted as parts X and Y, respectively) possess essentially the same vocal melody, save for some slight variations in the second stanza. Each stanza begins with a stepwise descent, noted as part 1, followed by three repetitions of part 2, which is centered around F#. Both conclude in the exact same manner with part 3a. The simple, five-part stanzas allow the section as a whole to easily connect and resonate with the listener, and the slight variations in the second stanza/part Y prevent the melody from becoming overly monotonous.

Line 1: I just heard you found the one you’ve been look-in’, you’ve been look-in’ for
Line 2: I wish I would have known that was-n’t me

Line 1 is composed of three melodic parts – part 1a, 2a and 2b.

Part 1a: “I just heard you”

The first segment of line 1 begins with a descending eighth note melodic progression down the scale via A – G# – F# – E. This provides a smooth, linear lead-in to the section following the infectious “to do” melisma at the end of the first chorus.

Part 2a: “found the one you’ve been look-in’”

Following the part 1a descending eighth-note lead-in, the second segment of the line progresses through two melodic and rhythmic developments:

• Development #1 (“found the one you’ve”): Features a monotone F# delivery and an infectiously differentiated rhythm consisting of eighth and sixteenth notes.
• Development #2 (“been look-in’”): The line concludes in a similar manner to how it began with a descending stepwise all eighth note progression down to E.

Part 2b: “you’ve been look-in’ for”

Part 2a ends with a quarter rest, which cleverly acts in the manner of a comma and provides the full line with an infectious rhythmic spin. It is followed by the third and last segment of the line, part 2b, which begins in a similar manner, consisting of a monotone F# run and an eighth – sixteenth – dotted eighth rhythm.

It concludes in a similar manner as well, with the last three notes all possessing an eighth note value and beginning with a stepwise ascent up to G#. However, instead of descending via F# – E to conclude, it continues on G# and concludes a step higher with a descent to F# on the prolonged lyric, “fo-r.” Note that residing in a higher register both provides infectious contrast compared to the first segment and accentuates the impassioned emotion behind the love-torn lyrics.

Part 2c: “I wish I would have known that”

Line 2 features a combination of melodic and rhythmic characteristics from parts 2a and 2b that precede it, hence the part 2c classification. However, there are two subtle, but noticeable differences:

• It begins on the lowest pitch in the section, B. However, it possesses a sixteenth note value, it goes by in a flash.
• The last note, E, is a dotted eighth as opposed to an eighth. While the prolongment is subtle, it creates a split second of heightened anticipation for the important lyrics that follow at the conclusion of the line/stanza in addition to the infectious rhythmic spin it provides.

Part 3a: “was-n’t me”

The last segment of the line features a significantly changed up melody and rhythm compared to the other segment in the stanza, hence the part 3 classification. Note the following:

• It features an ascending melodic progression as opposed to descending or monotone.
• It features the fastest overall delivery in the stanza, consisting entirely of sixteenth notes up until the last, which is a quarter note.

As a result, this important lyrical segment further stands out with the listener, while providing an infectious spin via the prolonged “me” melisma.

Line 3: ‘Cause e-ven af-ter all this time I still won-der, why I can’t move on
Line 4: Just the way you did so eas-i-ly

The second stanza features the same core melodic structure as the first stanza (i.e. part 1 – 2 – 2 – 2 – 3), which reinforces the melody with the listener. However, there are some subtle differences that prevent it from coming across in a monotonous, cookie-cutter type manner.

The most pronounced difference occurs in the last segment of line 3, which is put into effect by the changeup in just one note compared to its line 1 counterpart:

Line 1 – part 2b

Line 3 – part 2d

Instead of climbing a step up to a G# eighth note on the syllable “-in” in “look-in” as is the case on line 1, the melody leaps up a fourth to a B dotted eighth note on the lyric “move” in the same spot on line 3. This leap both provides infectious melodic contrast and accentuates the emotional impact of the lyrics.

Line 1: I just hope you’re ly-in’ next to some-bod-y, who knows how to love you like me
Line 2: There must be a good rea-son that you’re gone

Line 3: Ev-’ry now and then I think you might want me to come show up at your door
Line 4: But I’m just too a-fraid that I’ll be wrong

High: C#5
Low: B3

Parts Structure:

Part X: 1 – 2 – 2 / 2 – 3
Part Y: 1 – 4 – 2 / 2 – 3

The second verse keeps much in common with the first verse with two primary exceptions:

• It is sung by Selena Gomez rather than Charlie Puth.
• It features a very changed-up phrase in the second stanza/part Y compared to the first verse, which is denoted as part 4a. This melodic variation heightens the engagement value of the section and the song, while the melodic similarities between sections further ingrains the melody in the listener’s head.

Line 1: I just hope you’re ly-in’ next to some-bod-y, who knows how to love you like me
Line 2: There must be a good rea-son that you’re gone

The first stanza/part X in the second verse features the same melody and part 1 – 2 – 2 – 2 – 3 structure as its counterpart in the first verse. However, there are subtle differences that keep the melody fresh and engaging while familiar and memorable.

Line 3: Ev-’ry now and then I think you might want me to come show up at your door
Line 4: But I’m just too a-fraid that I’ll be wrong

The second stanza/part Y in the second verse is also very similar to its verse 1 counterpart, with one major exception:

Part 4: “then I think you might want me to come show up at your door”

Following the descending part 1a lead-in that kicks off both stanzas, Gomez launches into a highly differentiated descending “platform progression” run consisting of eighth and sixteenth notes that begins C# and ends on E:

• Platform 1: C# – C#
• Platform 2: B – B – B
• Platform 3: A – A
• Half-Step Descent G#
• Platform 4: F# – F#
• Step Descent: E

This pronounced shift provides the section, and the song, with a highly infectious fresh and memorable spin.

*Note: The graphs above reflect pre-chorus 1. Pre-choruses 2 and 3 feature essentially the same melodic structure.

Line 1: Don’t wan-na know
Line 2: Kind-a dress you’re wea-rin’ to-night
Line 3: If he’s hold-in’ on to you so tight
Line 4: The way I did be-fore

Line 5: I o-ver-dosed
Line 6: Should-a known your love was a game
Line 7: Now I can’t get you out of my brain
Line 8: Ooh it’s such a shame

Line 1: Don’t wan-na know
Line 2: If you’re look-in’ into her eyes
Line 3: If she’s hold-in’ on to you so tight
Line 4: The way I did be-fore

Line 5: I o-ver-dosed
Line 6: Should-a known your love was a game
Line 7: Now I can’t get you out of my brain
Line 8: Ooh it’s such a shame

Line 1: Don’t wan-na know
Line 2: Kind-a dress you’re wear-in’ to-night
Line 3: If he’s giv-in’ it to you just right
Line 4: The way I did before

Line 5: I o-ver-dosed
Line 6: Should-a known your love was a game
Line 7: Now I can’t get you out of my brain
Line 8: Ooh it’s such a shame

High: A4
Low: B3

Parts Structure:

Part X: 1 – 2 – 2 – 3
Part Y: 1 – 2 – 2 – 3

The pre-chorus melody is comprised of three distinct parts, which are denoted as parts 1, 2 and 3. Each stanza features the same 1 – 2 – 2 – 3 parts arrangement, which reinforces the section as a whole with the listener.

Parts 2 and 3 feature pronounced melodic leaps, which accentuate the impact of the section. Both part 2’s conclude with an ascending fifth, and part 3 in both stanzas begins with an ascending sixth and seventh, respectively. Each subsequent leap lands a half-step or whole-step higher than the one that precedes it, which provides each stanza with a highly infectious characteristic.

Each of the song’s three pre-chorus sections features essentially the same vocal melody. The primary difference between the each is the lyrics, and who the lead vocalist is (Puth sings pre-chorus 1, Gomez sings pre-chorus 2, and they both sing in pre-chorus 3). Reference the Vocal Assignments and Story Flow & Meaning sections of the report for details.

Line 1: Don’t wan-na know
Line 2: Kind-a dress you’re wea-rin’ to-night
Line 3: If he’s hold-in’ on to you so tight
Line 4: The way I did be-fore

Line 1, which kicks off the pre-chorus, is composed of part 1a. In contrast to the verse which begins with a primarily stepwise eighth-note DESCENT from A to E, the pre-chorus features a clever melodic direction reversal via a primarily stepwise eighth-note ASCENT from B to E. Notice that both end on the same pitch.

Line 2 is composed of part 2a. In contrast to the rhythm on line 1, which is comprised mostly of eighth notes, it primarily features a combination of sixteenth and eighth notes, which provides infectious contrast. Melodically, it features a straight-forward stepwise ascent/descent up until the last lyric “to-night.” This lyric features a pronounced leap up a fifth from B to F#, consisting of an eighth – quarter note rhythm. This infectious leap motive will play a key role on the lines that follow both within this stanza and the stanza that follows.

Line 3 is composed of part 2b. It features a similar overall structure as line 2 (part 2a) that precedes it, but possesses key differences as well. The most important are:

• It begins a step lower on B, and leaps up a fifth to F# prior to the descent, which is a step above the same point on line 2.
• The last two lyrics/syllables, “so tight” bring the line to a conclusion in the same manner as line 2 via the leap up a fifth. However, both the starting and ending points are a step higher.

Line 4, which is the last line in the stanza, is composed of part 3a. It features similarities with both part 1 and part 2 that precede it.

• Part 2 similarity: It begins in a similar manner as lines 2 and 3 concludes via a pronounced leap. The starting point is the same as line 3, C#, but it ends a half-step higher on A.
• Part 1 similarity: While the melodic direction is the reverse of line 1, descending almost an octave from A to B, it features the same eighth note rhythm up until the last lyric, which is a quarter note.

Line 5: I o-ver-dosed
Line 6: Should-a known your love was a game
Line 7: Now I can’t get you out of my brain
Line 8: Ooh it’s such a shame

The second stanza features almost the same melody and rhythm as the first stanza. The primary differences occur both at the beginning and end of the stanza (lines 1 and 4):

Line 1 (Part 1b): Instead of concluding with a step from D# to E as is the case in the first stanza, the melody leaps a major third, up to F# followed by concluding a step lower on E on the stretched “overdosed” lyric.

Line 4: It begins on B, which is a step lower than its first stanza counterpart, and leaps up to A. As a result, the impact of the leap is more pronounced. Additionally it concludes in a changed-up melismatic manner via the prolonged “sh-a-me” lyric.

Note: The graphs above reflect the lead vocal only.

(Parenthesis): Background vocal

Line 1: We don’t talk an-y-more / (Don’t wan-na know)
Line 2: (Kind-a dress you’re wear-in’ to-night) Oh-oh
Line 3: (If he’s hold-in’ onto you so tight) Oh-oh
Line 4: The way I did before

Line 5: We don’t talk an-y-more / (I o-ver-dosed)
Line 6: (Should-a known your love was a game) Oh-oh
Line 7: (Now I can’t get you out of my brain) Woah-oh
Line 8: Ooh it’s such a shame

High: A4
Low: B3

Parts Structure (Lead Vocal Only)

Part X: 1 – 2 – 3
Part Y: 1 – 2 – 3 – 1

The vocals in the outro is a hybrid of the pre-chorus and chorus melodies and lyrics. The background vocals (shown in the parenthesis above) feature the pre-chorus melody and lyrics, and the lead vocal features the chorus melody and lyrics (save for the additional nonsense lyrics). However, note that there are some subtle differences in the lead vocals compared to the chorus, which keeps the title fresh and engaging as the song heads toward its conclusion.

Each stanza possesses the same part 1 – 2 – 3 core lead vocal structure, which reinforces the melody with the listener. There is, however, a slight difference in part 3 in the second stanza, and the song concludes with an “extra” line, which is a reversion back to the song title, albeit in a modified manner.

Line 1: We don’t talk an-y-more / (Don’t wan-na know)
Line 2: (Kind-a dress you’re wear-in’ to-night) Oh-oh
Line 3: (If he’s hold-in’ onto you so tight) Oh-oh
Line 4: The way I did before

The outro begins with part 1a, which is the same as the chorus title vocal up until the lyric “more,” which is stretched across multiple pitches for an additional two beats. This provides the title with an additional infectious characteristic, and further showcases Puth’s vocal chops. Additionally, note that the lead vocal and “don’t wanna know” background vocal enter at the same time and overlap one another.

Line two is mainly occupied by the background vocals singing pre-chorus lyrics, “kind-a dress you’re wear-in’ to-night.” Charlie Puth chimes in at the end of the line with an “oh-o-oh” nonsense vocal.

Similar to line 2, the background vocals deliver “If he’s hold-in’ onto you so tight,” which is followed by another Puth “oh-o-oh” vocal. Note that this time around the nonsense vocal begins a step higher, which provides a greater sense of excitement in the section.

The last line in the first stanza features the Gomez-delivered “way I did before,” which is almost identical to its counterpart in the pre-chorus. The primary difference is that the lyric “the” (C#) is omitted at the beginning.

Line 5: We don’t talk an-y-more / (I o-ver-dosed)
Line 6: (Should-a known your love was a game) Oh-oh
Line 7: (Now I can’t get you out of my brain) Woah-oh
Line 8: Ooh it’s such a shame
Line 9: That we don’t talk anymore

*

Line 5 begins much like line 1, with the chorus vocals being delivered by Puth in tandem with the pre-chorus “I overdosed” background vocals.

The background vocals deliver the lyrics “shoulda known your love was a game,” followed by another iteration of the “oh-o-oh” nonsense vocal from Puth, just like in line 2.

The background vocals deliver the lyrics “now I can’t get you out of my brain,” followed by a final “woah-o-oh” nonsense vocal from Puth, which is a step higher than the preceding nonsense vocal just like on line 3. Note that the nonsense vocal this time around is “whoa” as opposed to “oh.”

Puth and Gomez unite on line 8, concurrently singing “ooh it’s such a shame” from the pre-chorus.

The song concludes on a final statement of the main vocal/lyrical/title hook, “we don’t talk anymore.” Its communicated concurrently by Puth and Gomez, with Puth singing it as he does in the chorus, and Gomez speaking it through a telephone / answering machine type of effect.

(These lyrics provide detail as to what’s happening in the story – literally, metaphorically, or both)

The entire song is rich in detail. What follows are a couple of examples from each section. Reference the Story Flow & Meaning section of the report for a full rundown on the narrative.

• I just heard you found the one you’ve been lookin’, you’ve been lookin’ for
• ‘Cause even after all this time I still wonder, why I can’t move on / Just the way you did so easily

• I just hope you’re lyin’ next to somebody, who knows how to love you like me
• Ev’ry now and then I think you might want me to come show up at your door / But I’m just too afraid that I’ll be wrong

• Pre-Chorus 1 (Puth): If he’s holdin’ on to you so tight / The way I did before
• Pre-Chorus 2 (Gomez): If you’re lookin’ into her eyes
• Pre-Chorus 3 (Puth): If he’s givin’ it to you just right / The way I did before
• Pre-Chorus 1, 2, 3 (Puth and Gomez): I overdosed
• Pre-Chorus 1, 2, 3 (Puth and Gomez): Now I can’t get you out of my brain

• We don’t talk anymore
• We don’t love anymore
• Like we used to do

(These lyrics “paint a picture” in the listener’s head in order to further engross them in the story (e.g. brown hair, red pickup truck, etc…)

• Pre-Chorus 1: If he’s holdin’ on to you so tight (implied imagery)
• Pre-Chorus 2: If she’s holdin’ on to you so tight (implied imagery)
• Pre-Chorus 3: If he’s givin’ it to you just right (implied imagery)

(These lyrics reflect places and the timeline of the story – directly or indirectly)

None

(These lyrics inform the listener of what the characters within the story have gone through, are going through, will go through, have done, are doing or will do – directly or indirectly, physically or mentally)

• I just heard you found the one you’ve been lookin’, you’ve been lookin’ for
• ‘Cause even after all this time I still wonder, why I can’t move on / Just the way you did so easily (the act of)

• Ev’ry now and then I think you might want me to come show up at your door (the act of)

• Pre-Chorus 1 (Puth): If he’s holdin’ on to you so tight (the act of)
• Pre-Chorus 2 (Gomez): If you’re lookin’ into her eyes / If she’s holdin’ on to you so tight
• Pre-Chorus 3 (Puth): If he’s givin’ it to you just right
• Pre-Chorus 1, 2, 3 (Puth and Gomez): I overdosed

• We don’t talk anymore

(These lyrics and phrases shed light on the characters state of mind and/or convey emotion)

• I wish I would have known that wasn’t me (implied state)
• ‘Cause even after all this time I still wonder, why I can’t move on (implied state)

• But I’m just too afraid that I’ll be wrong

• Part X: All lines feature an implied state of jealousy
• Part Y: I overdosed / Ooh it’s such a shame

• We don’t love anymore

(Ohh’s, whoas, whoo’s, heys, mmm’s, sha-la’s, etc.) 

Verse 2

• hey

• Chorus 1, 2, 3, 4: Ooh
• Chorus 2, 3, 4: hey

• hey
• oh-oh
• woah-oh

XAXA

The first verse features a cross-line rhyme scheme, with the rhyme occurring on lines 2 and 4. Lines 1 and 3 do not rhyme within the section, but ARE connected to the lines in the second verse. Reference verse 2 for details.

Line 1: I just heard you found the one you’ve been look-in’, you’ve been look-in’ for
Line 2: I wish I would have known that was-n’t me

Line 3: ‘Cause e-ven af-ter all this time I still won-der, why I can’t move on
Line 4: Just the way you did so eas-i-ly

Lines 2 and 4 are connected by the “ee” sounding rhyme at the end:

• Line 2: “me”
• Line 4: “eas-i-ly”

Line 1 features the back-to-back repetitive lyrics, “you’ve been lookin’.”

XAXA

The second verse features the same cross-line rhyme structure as the first verse, with the rhyme occurring on lines 2 and 4. However, the sound of the rhyme is different. Additionally, both of the non-rhymers in the first verse (“for” and “on” in lines 1 and 3, respectively) feature a rhyme connection with lyrics in the second verse. This, along with the similar rhyme structure, accentuates the memorability factor of the song.

Line 1: I just hope you’re ly-in’ next to some-bod-y, who knows how to love you like me
Line 2: There must be a good rea-son that you’re gone

Line 3: Ev-’ry now and then I think you might want me to come show up at your door
Line 4: But I’m just too a-fraid that I’ll be wrong

Lines 2 and 4 are connected by the “on” sounding rhyme at the end:

• Line 2: “gone”
• Line 4: “wrong”

• The last lyric on line 1 in the first verse, “for,” which is a non-rhyming line, connects with the last lyric on line 3 in the second verse, “door,” which is also a non-rhyming line.
• The last lyric on line 3 in the first verse, “on,” which is a non-rhyming line, connects with the last lyric in the rhyming lines 2 and 4 in the second verse “gone” and “wrong.”
• The last lyric on line 1 in the second verse, “me,” which is a non-rhyming line, connects with the last lyrics on the rhyming lines 2 and 4 in the first verse, “me” and “easily.”

While the rhyming pattern isn’t consistent from verse to verse, there are only a few select syllables that end lines which helps to connect the seemingly disparate rhyme schemes and make the verse sections feel more familiar overall.

Part X: ABBX
Part Y: ACCC

Each of the song’s three pre-choruses is composed of two stanzas – parts X and Y, both of which feature a different rhyme scheme.

The first stanza (part X) features partially changed up lyrics in each occurrence, but retains the same rhyme scheme. The lyrics and rhyme scheme in each part Y occurrence remain constant.

*Line 1: Don’t wan-na know
Line 2: Kind-a dress you’re wea-rin’ to-night
Line 3: If he’s hold-in’ on to you so tight
*Line 4: The way I did be-fore

*Line 1: Don’t wan-na know
Line 2: If you’re look-in’ into her eyes
Line 3: If she’s hold-in’ on to you so tight
*Line 4: The way I did be-fore

*Line 1: Don’t wan-na know
Line 2: Kind-a dress you’re wea-rin’ to-night
Line 3: If he’s giv-in’ it to you just right
*Line 4: The way I did be-fore

*Lines 1 and 4 remain the same in each pre-chorus occurrence.

Line 5: I o-ver-dosed
Line 6: Should-a known your love was a game
Line 7: Now I can’t get you out of my brain
Line 8: Ooh it’s such a shame

Lines 2 and 3 in part X of each pre-chorus are connected by the “eye” sounding rhyme at the end:

• Pre-Chorus 1: “to-night” / “tight”
• Pre-Chorus 2: “to-night” / “right”
• Pre-Chorus 3: “eyes” / “tight”

Lines 6, 7 and 8 in part Y of each pre-chorus are connected by the “ame” / “ain” sounding rhyme at the end:

• Line 6: “game”
• Line 7: “brain”
• Line 8: “shame”

The first line in part X and part Y of each pre-chorus is connected by the “oh” sounding commonality:

• Line 1 (part X): “know”
• Line 5 (part Y): “o-ver-dosed”

Line 2 in part X of the first and third pre-chorus sections is connected is to line 6 in part Y by the “kind-a” and “should-a” commonality.

Although line 4 doesn’t rhyme with any of the other lines in each pre-chorus, it is connected with the verse, chorus, and outro via the “or” sounding commonality:

• Pre-Chorus, line 4: “The way I did be-fore”
• Verse 1, line 1: “for”
• Verse 2, line 3: “door”
• Chorus, lines 1 – 3: “an-y-more”
• Outro, line 1, 4, 5, 9: “an-y-more”, “be-fore”

Part X: AAAB
Part Y: AAAB

Both parts/stanzas in the chorus feature the same core rhyme scheme and feature many of the same lyrics. As a result, the ability of the section to connect with the listener and easily get ingrained in their head is accentuated.

Line 1: We don’t talk an-y-more (*We don’t we don’t)
Line 2: We don’t talk an-y-more (*We don’t we don’t)
Line 3: We don’t talk an-y-more
Line 4: Like we used to do

Line 5: We don’t love an-y-more (*We don’t we don’t)
Line 6: What was all of it for (Ooh) (*We don’t we don’t)
Line 7: We don’t talk an-y-more
Line 8: Like we used to do

*Choruses 2 & 3 only

Lines 1, 2, and 3 in part X of each chorus is composed of the title lyrics, “we don’t talk anymore.”

In the second and third choruses, lines 1 and 2 are directly followed by the background vocals “we don’t, we don’t.”

Lines 1, 2 and 3 in part Y of each chorus are connected by the “or” sounding rhyme at the end:

• Line 5: “an-y-more”
• Line 6: “for”
• Line 7: “an-y-more”

Additionally, in the second and third choruses, lines 5 and 6 are directly followed by the background vocals “we don’t, we don’t.”

Both parts/stanzas in each chorus feature the same core rhyme scheme. The lyrics are the same as well, except for the lyric “love” in line 5, and all of line 6, “what was all of it for.”

Part X: ABBA
Part Y: ACCC

The outro is essentially a hybrid of the chorus and pre-chorus. The first and last lines in both parts/stanzas (lines 1, 4 and 5, 8) feature chorus lyrics and are communicated via the primary lead vocal. However, lines 1 and 5 feature a processed background vocal overlay of the first line of the pre-chorus as well. The middle lines in each part/stanza (lines 2, 3 and 6, 7) feature the pre-chorus background vocals, each of which is followed by the nonsense “oh-oh” vocal, which is communicated by the lead.

Reference the breakdown below, and listen as you go through it in order to get the full picture of how it all comes together.

Line 1: We don’t talk an-y-more / (Don’t wan-na know)
Line 2: (Kind-a dress you’re wear-in’ to-night) Oh-oh
Line 3: (If he’s hold-in’ onto you so tight) Oh-oh
Line 4: The way I did be-fore

Line 5: We don’t talk an-y-more / (I o-ver-dosed)
Line 6: (Should-a known your love was a game) Oh-oh
Line 7: (Now I can’t get you out of my brain) Woah-oh
Line 8: Ooh it’s such a shame
Line 9: We don’t talk an-y-more